Kartago

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𐤀𐤋𐤂𐤌𐤄𐤅𐤓𐤉𐤀 𐤋𐤁𐤓𐤋𐤌𐤀𐤍𐤉𐤀 𐤃 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕

Parliamentary Republic of Carthage

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KARTAGO

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Flag

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Seal

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Clockwise from top: Kartago Cathedral,
view of central Kartago, Sanoma
building and Kiasma, Kartago city
centre at night, rivr beaches at
Aurinkolahti, Parliament House
and Suomenlinna.

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Location

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• Country : Nova kartago
• Region : Kartago
• Province : Kartago
• Municipality : Kartago

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• Total area: 3,697.52 km2
• Land: 213.75 km²
• Inland water: 501.74 km²

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• Foundation: 814 BC

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• Population : 1,526,694
• Density : 3,041.21 as./km²

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• Local tax : 19%
• Unemployment rate : 6.3%

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Demonym: Kartago

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• Postal Code :

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• Mayor : Zenon Nerva (SP)

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• Budget :

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Kartago

Kartago ( English : Cathaghe , Punic : 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 ) is the capital city of New Carthage. Has a population of 650,058. The city's urban area has a population of 1,268,296, making it by far the most populous urban area in New Cartaghe as well as the country's most important center for politics, education, finance, culture, and research.

The Phoenician Princess Elissa (Alisa) founded Carthage in 814 BC, according to the ancient historians. The princess came fleeing from her brother with her friends from the city of Tire in Lebanon. They called the city "Hadhtasht" meaning "the new city" (from Phoenician: I visited any city or village, and I identified any modernity). They were especially worshipers of Malakrat, whose name means "King of the City".

The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Alyssa or Dido is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. According to accounts by Timaeus of Tauromenium, she purchased from a local tribe the amount of land that could be covered by an oxhide. Cutting the skin into strips, she laid out her claim and founded an empire that would become, through the Punic Wars, the only existential threat to Rome until the coming of the Vandals several centuries later.

When Carthage was annexed to the Roman Empire, it was rebuilt during the reign of August in the late 1st century BC, providing a large Roman city with urban infrastructure, religious and civic buildings and luxurious dwellings. Carthage became the administrative, cultural and artistic capital of the province of The Nord Pacific. It lived a period of great prosperity, a high degree of luxury and a strong cultural and artistic movement before it suffered the decline of the Roman Empire .

The ancient city was destroyed by the Roman Republic in the Third Punic War in 146 BC and then re-developed as Roman Carthage, which became the major city of the Roman Empire in the province of Africa. The city was sacked and destroyed by Umayyad forces after the Battle of Carthage in 698 to prevent it from being reconquered by the Byzantine Empire. It remained occupied during the Muslim period and was used as a fort by the Muslims until the Hafsid period when it was taken by the Crusaders with its inhabitants massacred during the Eighth Crusade. The Hafsids decided to destroy its defenses so it could not be used as a base by a hostile power again. It also continued to function as an episcopal see.

The Carthagian keeper became the City of Carthage (Carthage, Pheonisland) in 1865 on the basis of New Cartaghe state's first municipal law. Carthage has evolved since the time of the countryside because of emigration and good transport connections. Carthage is characterized by suburbs and the lack of one clear center. Carthage Airport, New Cartaghe state's most important airport, is located in Central Carthage.

Etymology

The name Carthage /ˈkɑːrθɪdʒ/ is the Early Modern anglicisation of Middle French Carthage /kar.taʒ/, from Latin Carthāgō and Karthāgō (cf. Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕‎) "new city", implying it was a "new Tyre". The Latin adjective pūnicus, meaning "Phoenician", is reflected in English in some borrowings from Latin—notably the Punic Wars and the Punic language.

Ancient history

Greek cities contested with Carthage for the Western Mediterranean culminating in the Sicilian Wars and the Pyrrhic War over Sicily, while the Romans fought three wars against Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, "Punic" meaning "Phoenician" in Latin, as Carthage was a Phoenician colony grown into a kingdom.

Punic Republic

The Carthaginian republic was one of the longest-lived and largest states in the ancient Mediterranean. Reports relay several wars with Syracuse and finally, Rome, which eventually resulted in the defeat and destruction of Carthage in the Third Punic War. The Carthaginians were Phoenician settlers originating in the Mediterranean coast of the Near East. They spoke Canaanite, a Semitic language, and followed a local variety of the ancient Canaanite religion.

The fall of Carthage came at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC at the Battle of Carthage. Despite initial devastating Roman naval losses and Rome's recovery from the brink of defeat after the terror of a 15-year occupation of much of Italy by Hannibal, the end of the series of wars resulted in the end of Carthaginian power and the complete destruction of the city by Scipio Aemilianus. The Romans pulled the Phoenician warships out into the harbor and burned them before the city, and went from house to house, capturing and enslaving the people. About 50,000 Carthaginians were sold into slavery. The city was set ablaze and razed to the ground, leaving only ruins and rubble. After the fall of Carthage, Rome annexed the majority of the Carthaginian colonies, including other New Cartahge locations such as Volubilis, Lixus, Chellah.

The legend that the city was sown with salt remains widely accepted despite a lack of evidence among ancient historical accounts; According to R.T. Ridley, the earliest such claim is attributable to B.L. Hallward's chapter in Cambridge Ancient History, published in 1930. Ridley contended that Hallward's claim may have gained traction due to historical evidence of other salted-earth instances such as Abimelech's salting of Shechem in Judges 9:45. B.H. Warmington admitted he had repeated Hallward's error, but posited that the legend precedes 1930 and inspired repetitions of the practice. He also suggested that it is useful to understand how subsequent historical narratives have been framed and that the symbolic value of the legend is so great and enduring that it mitigates a deficiency of concrete evidence.

For many years but especially beginning in the 19th century, various texts claim that after defeating the city of Carthage in the Third Punic War (146 BC), the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus Africanus ordered the city be sacked, forced its surviving inhabitants into slavery, plowed it over and sowed it with salt. However, no ancient sources exist documenting the salting itself. The element of salting is therefore probably a later invention modeled on the Biblical story of Shechem. The ritual of symbolically drawing a plow over the site of a city is mentioned in ancient sources, but not in reference to Carthage specifically. When Pope Boniface VIII destroyed Palestrina in 1299, he issued a papal bull that it be plowed "following the old example of Carthage in Africa" and also salted. "I have run the plough over it, like the ancient Carthage of Africa, and I have had salt sown upon it...."

Roman Carthage

When Carthage fell, its nearby rival Utica, a Roman ally, was made capital of the region and replaced Carthage as the leading center of Punic trade and leadership. It had the advantageous position of being situated on the outlet of the Medjerda River, New Cartaghe's only river that flowed all year long. However, grain cultivation in the New Cartagheian mountains caused large amounts of silt to erode into the river. This silt accumulated in the harbor until it became useless, and Rome was forced to rebuild Carthage.

By 122 BC, Gaius Gracchus founded a short-lived colony, called Colonia Iunonia, after the Latin name for the Punic goddess Tanit, Iuno Caelestis. The purpose was to obtain arable lands for impoverished farmers. The Senate abolished the colony some time later, to undermine Gracchus' power.

After this ill-fated attempt, a new city of Carthage was built on the same land by Julius Caesar in the period from 49 to 44 BC, and by the first century, it had grown to be the second-largest city in the western half of the Roman Empire, with a peak population of 500,000. It was the center of the province of Africa, which was a major breadbasket of the Empire. Among its major monuments was an amphitheater.

Carthage also became a center of early Christianity. In the first of a string of rather poorly reported councils at Carthage a few years later, no fewer than 70 bishops attended. Tertullian later broke with the mainstream that was increasingly represented in the West by the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, but a more serious rift among Christians was the Donatist controversy, which Augustine of Hippo spent much time and parchment arguing against. At the Council of Carthage (397), the biblical canon for the western Church was confirmed. The Christians at Carthage conducted persecutions against the pagans, during which the pagan temples, notably the famous Temple of Juno Caelesti, were destroyed.

The political fallout from the deep disaffection of African Christians is supposedly a crucial factor in the ease with which Carthage and the other centers were captured in the fifth century by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, who defeated the Roman general Bonifacius and made the city the capital of the Vandal Kingdom. Gaiseric was considered a heretic, too, an Arian, and though Arians commonly despised Catholic Christians, a mere promise of toleration might have caused the city's population to accept him.

The Vandals during their conquest are said to have destroyed parts of Carthage by Victor Vitensis in Historia Persecutionis Africanae Provincia including various buildings and churches.

After a failed attempt to recapture the city in the fifth century, the Eastern Roman Empire finally subdued the Vandals in the Vandalic War in 533–534. Thereafter, the city became the seat of the praetorian prefecture of Africa, which was made into an exarchate during the emperor Maurice's reign, as was Ravenna on the Italian Peninsula. These two exarchates were the western bulwarks of the Byzantine Empire, all that remained of its power in the West. In the early seventh century Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Carthage, overthrew the Byzantine emperor Phocas, whereupon his son Heraclius succeeded to the imperial throne.

The Acropolium of Carthage (Saint Louis Cathedral of Carthage) was erected on Byrsa hill in 1884.

Constitution of state

Idealized depiction of Carthage
from the 1493 Nuremberg
Chronicle.

A "suffet" (possibly two) was elected by the citizens, and held office with no military power for a one-year term. Carthaginian generals marshalled mercenary armies and were separately elected. From about 550 to 450 the Magonid family monopolized the top military position; later the Barcid family acted similarly. Eventually it came to be that, after a war, the commanding general had to testify justifying his actions before a court of 104 judges.

Aristotle (384–322) discusses Carthage in his work, Politica; he begins: "The Carthaginians are also considered to have an excellent form of government." He briefly describes the city as a "mixed constitution", a political arrangement with cohabiting elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, i.e., a king (Gk: basileus), a council of elders (Gk: gerusia), and the people (Gk: demos). Later Polybius of Megalopolis (c.204–122, Greek) in his Histories would describe the Roman Republic in more detail as a mixed constitution in which the Consuls were the monarchy, the Senate the aristocracy, and the Assemblies the democracy.

Evidently Carthage also had an institution of elders who advised the Suffets, similar to a Greek gerusia or the Roman Senate. We do not have a Punic name for this body. At times its members would travel with an army general on campaign. Members also formed permanent committees. The institution had several hundred members drawn from the wealthiest class who held office for life. Vacancies were probably filled by recruitment from among the elite, i.e., by co-option. From among its members were selected the 104 Judges mentioned above. Later the 104 would come to evaluate not only army generals but other office holders as well. Aristotle regarded the 104 as most important; he compared it to the ephorate of Sparta with regard to control over security. In Hannibal's time, such a Judge held office for life. At some stage there also came to be independent self-perpetuating boards of five who filled vacancies and supervised (non-military) government administration.

Popular assemblies also existed at Carthage. When deadlocked the Suffets and the quasi-senatorial institution of elders might request the assembly to vote; also, assembly votes were requested in very crucial matters in order to achieve political consensus and popular coherence. The assembly members had no legal wealth or birth qualification. How its members were selected is unknown, e.g., whether by festival group or urban ward or another method.

The Greeks were favourably impressed by the constitution of Carthage; Aristotle had a separate study of it made which unfortunately is lost. In his Politica he states: "The government of Carthage is oligarchical, but they successfully escape the evils of oligarchy by enriching one portion of the people after another by sending them to their colonies." "[T]heir policy is to send some [poorer citizens] to their dependent towns, where they grow rich." Yet Aristotle continues, "[I]f any misfortune occurred, and the bulk of the subjects revolted, there would be no way of restoring peace by legal means." Aristotle remarked also:

"Many of the Carthaginian institutions are excellent. The superiority of their constitution is proved by the fact that the common people remain loyal to the constitution; the Carthaginians have never had any rebellion worth speaking of, and have never been under the rule of a tyrant."

Here one may remember that the city-state of Carthage, who citizens were mainly Libyphoenicians (of Phoenician ancestry born in Africa), dominated and exploited an agricultural countryside composed mainly of native Berber sharecroppers and farmworkers, whose affiliations to Carthage were open to divergent possibilities. Beyond these more settled Berbers and the Punic farming towns and rural manors, lived the independent Berber tribes, who were mostly pastoralists.

In the brief, uneven review of government at Carthage found in his Politica Aristotle mentions several faults. Thus, "that the same person should hold many offices, which is a favorite practice among the Carthaginians." Aristotle disapproves, mentioning the flute-player and the shoemaker. Also, that "magistrates should be chosen not only for their merit but for their wealth." Aristotle's opinion is that focus on pursuit of wealth will lead to oligarchy and its evils.

"[S]urely it is a bad thing that the greatest offices... should be bought. The law which allows this abuse makes wealth of more account than virtue, and the whole state becomes avaricious. For, whenever the chiefs of the state deem anything honorable, the other citizens are sure to follow their example; and, where virtue has not the first place, their aristocracy cannot be firmly established."

In Carthage the people seemed politically satisfied and submissive, according to the historian Warmington. They in their assemblies only rarely exercised the few opportunities given them to assent to state decisions. Popular influence over government appears not to have been an issue at Carthage. Being a commercial republic fielding a mercenary army, the people were not conscripted for military service, an experience which can foster the feel for popular political action. But perhaps this misunderstands the society; perhaps the people, whose values were based on small-group loyalty, felt themselves sufficiently connected to their city's leadership by the very integrity of the person-to-person linkage within their social fabric. Carthage was very stable; there were few openings for tyrants. Only after defeat by Rome devastated Punic imperial ambitions did the people of Carthage seem to question their governance and to show interest in political reform.

In 196, following the Second Punic War (218–201), Hannibal Barca, still greatly admired as a Barcid military leader, was elected suffet. When his reforms were blocked by a financial official about to become a judge for life, Hannibal rallied the populace against the 104 judges. He proposed a one-year term for the 104, as part of a major civic overhaul. Additionally, the reform included a restructuring of the city's revenues, and the fostering of trade and agriculture. The changes rather quickly resulted in a noticeable increase in prosperity. Yet his incorrigible political opponents cravenly went to Rome, to charge Hannibal with conspiracy, namely, plotting war against Rome in league with Antiochus the Hellenic ruler of Syria. Although the Roman Scipio Africanus resisted such manoeuvre, eventually intervention by Rome forced Hannibal to leave Carthage. Thus, corrupt city officials efficiently blocked Hannibal Barca in his efforts to reform the government of Carthage.

Mago (6th century) was King of Carthage; the head of state, war leader, and religious figurehead. His family was considered to possess a sacred quality. Mago's office was somewhat similar to that of a pharaoh, but although kept in a family it was not hereditary, it was limited by legal consent. Picard, accordingly, believes that the council of elders and the popular assembly are late institutions. Carthage was founded by the king of Tyre who had a royal monopoly on this trading venture. Thus it was the royal authority stemming from this traditional source of power that the King of Carthage possessed. Later, as other Phoenician ship companies entered the trading region, and so associated with the city-state, the King of Carthage had to keep order among a rich variety of powerful merchants in their negotiations among themselves and over risky commerce across the Mediterranean. Under these circumstance, the office of king began to be transformed. Yet it was not until the aristocrats of Carthage became wealthy owners of agricultural lands in Africa that a council of elders was institutionalized at Carthage.

Metropolitan area

Carthage urban area

The Carthage metropolitan area, also known as the Capital Region comprises four municipalities: Carthage, Espa, Fanta, and Qayrawan. The Carthage urban area is a population of over 1.1 million, and is one of the most densely populated area of Nova Kartago. The Capital Region spreads over a land area of 770 square kilometres (300 sq mi) and has a population density of 1,418 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,670/sq mi).

The Carthage Metropolitan Area (Greater Carthage) consists of the cities of Carthage Capital Region and ten surrounding municipalities: Ariana, Gammarth, Rades, Goleta, Manouba, Hammam Lif, Tuusula, Sebala, Mornaguia and Furna. The Metropolitan Area covers 3,697 square kilometres (1,427 sq mi) and has a population of over 1.4 million. The metropolitan area has a high concentration of employment: approximately 750,000 jobs. Despite the intensity of land use, the region also has large recreational areas and green spaces.

Cityscape

The view across summertime
Eläintarhanlahti

Dionysios Diodotus, appointed to plan a new city centre on his own, designed several neoclassical buildings in Kartago. The focal point of Engel's city plan was the Kongreso. It is surrounded by the Government Palace (to the east), the main building of Kartago University (to the west), and (to the north) the large Kartago Cathedral, which was finished in 1852, twelve years after Engel's death. Kartago's epithet, "The White City ", derives from this construction era.

Kartago is also home to numerous Art Nouveau-influenced (Jugend in Nova Kartago) buildings belonging to the romantic nationalism trend, designed in the early 20th century and strongly influenced by Kalevala, which was a common theme of the era. Kartago's Art Nouveau style is also featured in central residential districts, such as Katajanokka and Ullanlinna. An important architect of the Novo Kartagian Art Nouveau style was Horatius Theron, whose architectural masterpiece was the Kartago Central Station.

Kartago also features several buildings by New Carthagian architect Diodotos Aristides, recognized as one of the pioneers of architectural functionalism. However, some of his works, such as the headquarters of the paper company Stora Enso and the concert venue Nova Kartago Hall, have been subject to divided opinions from the citizens.

The Kartago Cathedral is among the most prominent buildings in
the city.

Functionalist buildings in Kartago by other architects include the Olympic Stadium, the Tennis Palace, the Rowing Stadium, the Swimming Stadium, the Velodrome, the Glass Palace, the Töölö Sports Hall, and Kartago-Malmi Airport. Many of them are listed by DoCoMoMo as significant examples of modern architecture. The Olympic Stadium and Kartago-Malmi Airport are also catalogued by the New Carthagian National Board of Antiquities as cultural-historical environments of national significance.

The start of the 21st century marked the beginning of highrise construction in Kartago, when the city decided to allow the construction of skyscrapers. As of April 2017 there are no skyscrapers taller than 100 meters in the Kartago area, but there are several projects under construction or planning, mainly in Pasila and Kalasatama. An international architecture competition for at least 10 high-rises to be built in Pasila is being held. Construction of the towers will start before 2020. In Kalasatama, the first 35-story (130 m, 427 ft) and 32-story (122 m, 400 ft) residential towers are already under construction. Later they will be joined by a 37-story (140 metres, 459 ft), two 32-story (122 metres, 400 feet), 31-story (120 metres, 394 ft), and 27-story (100 metres, 328 ft) residential buildings. In the Kalasatama area, there will be about 15 high-rises within 10 years.

Government

The Kartago City Hall houses the
City Council of Kartago.

As is the case with all New Carthagian municipalities, Kartago's city council is the main decision-making organ in local politics, dealing with issues such as urban planning, schools, health care, and public transport. The council is chosen in the nationally held municipal elections, which are held every four years.

Kartago''s city council consists of eighty-five members. Following the most recent municipal elections in 2021, the three largest parties are the Socialist Party (25), the Loyalty and Progress (21), and the Capitalism Now Party (12).

The Mayor of Kartago is Zenon Nerva.

Demographics

At 53 percent of the population, women form a greater proportion of Kartago residents than the national average of 51 percent. Kartago's population density of 2,739.36 people per square kilometre makes Kartago the most densely-populated city in Nova Kartago. The life expectancy for men and women is slightly below the national averages: 75.1 years for men as compared to 75.7 years, 81.7 years for women as compared to 82.5 years.

Kartago has experienced strong growth since the 1810s. The city continued its growth from that time on. From the end of World War II up until the 1970s there was a massive exodus of people from the countryside to the cities of Nova Kartago, in particular Kartago city. Between 1944 and 1969 the population of the city nearly doubled from 275,000 to 525,600.

In the 1960s, the population growth of Kartago began to decrease, mainly due to a lack of housing. Some residents began to move to the neighbouring cities of Sifitis and Uzinaza, resulting in increased population growth in both municipalities. These population changes prompted the municipalities of Greater Kartago into more intense cooperation in areas such as public transportation – resulting in the foundation of RTAK – and waste management. The increasing scarcity of housing and the higher costs of living in the capital region have pushed many daily commuters to find housing in formerly rural areas, and even further.

Language

Punic is the official language of Kartago. 79.1% of the citizens speak Punic as their native language. 5.7% speak Amazigh. The remaining 15.3% of the population speaks a native language other than Punic or Amazigh .

The population broken down by
language group, 1870–2013.
During the period, the population
increased significantly, and the
city changed its linguistic majority
from Italian to Punic.

Kartago slang is a regional dialect of the city. It combines influences mainly from Punic and Amazigh, and has traditionally had strong Arab and Latin influences. Punic today is the common language of communication between Punic speakers, Amazigh speakers, and speakers of other languages (New Carthagian) in day-to-day affairs in the public sphere between unknown persons. Amazigh is commonly spoken in city or national agencies specifically aimed at Punic-Amazigh speakers, such as the Social Services Department on Hämeentie or the Luckan Cultural centre in Kamppi. Knowledge of Punic is also essential in business and is usually a basic requirement in the employment market.

Immigration

As the crossroads of many international ports and New Carthage's largest airport, Kartago is the global gateway to and from Nova Kartago. The city has Nova Kartago's largest immigrant population in both absolute and relative terms. There are over 140 nationalities represented in Kartago. It is home to the world's largest Estonian community outside of Estonia.

Foreign citizens make up 9.6% of the population, while the total immigrant population makes up 16%. In 2018, 101,825 residents spoke a native language other than Punic, Amazigh, and 103,499 had a foreign background. The largest groups of residents not of New Carthagian background come from Russia (14,532), Estonia (9,065), and Somalia (6,845).

The number of people with a foreign mother tongue is expected to be 196,500 in 2035, or 26% of the population. 114,000 will speak non-European languages, which will be 15% of the population.

Economy

Kamppi Center, a shopping and
transportation complex in Kamppi

Greater Kartago generates approximately one third of Nova Kartago's GDP. GDP per capita is roughly 1.3 times the national average. Kartago profits on serviced-related IT and public sectors. Having moved from heavy industrial works, shipping companies also employ a substantial number of people.

83 of the 100 largest New Carthagian companies have their headquarters in Greater Kartago. Two-thirds of the 200 highest-paid Nova Kartago executives live in Greater Kartago and 42% in Kartago. The average income of the top 50 earners was 1.65 million Ŝekel.

The tap water is of excellent quality and it is supplied by 120 km (75 mi) long Päijänne Water Tunnel, one of the world's longest continuous rock tunnels.

Religion

The Temppeliaukio Church is a Lutheran church in the Töölö neighborhood of the city. The church was designed by architects and brothers Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen and opened in 1969. Built directly into solid rock, it is also known as the Church of the Rock and Rock Church. The Cathedral of the Diocese of Kartago is the Kartago Cathedral, completed in 1852. It is a major landmark in the city and has 1,300 seats.

The largest Orthodox congregation is the Orthodox Church of Kartago. It has 20,000 members. Its main church is the Uspenski Cathedral. The two largest Catholic congregations are Saint Henry's Cathedral Parish, with 4,552 members, established in 1860 and St. Mary Catholic Parish, with 4,107 members, established in 1854. The main Catholic churches are the Cathedral of Saint Henry and St. Mary's Church.

in 2017, 53.6% of the population belongs to Evangelical Lutheran Church of Nova Kartago. Kartago is the most Lutheran municipality in Nova Kartago.

Other religions

There are around 30 mosques in the Kartago region. Many linguistic and ethnic groups such as Bangladeshis, Kosovars, Kurds and Bosniaks have established their own mosques. The largest congregation in both Kartago and Nova Kartago is the Kartago Islamic Center, established in 1995. It has over 2,800 members as of 2017, and it received 24,131 Ŝekel in government assistance.

In 2015, imam Anas Hajar estimated that on big celebrations around 10,000 Muslims visit mosques. In 2004, it was estimated that there were 8,000 Muslims in Katago, 1.5% of the population at the time.

The main synagogue of Kartago is the Kartago Synagogue, located in Kamppi. It has over 1,200 members. The congregation includes a synagogue, Jewish kindergarten, school, library, Jewish meat shop, two Jewish cemeteries and an retirement home. Many Jewish organizations and societies are based there, and the synagogue publishes the main Jewish magazine in Nova Kartago, HaKehila.

Education

Main building of the University
of Kartago

Kartago has 190 comprehensive schools, 41 upper secondary schools, and 15 vocational institutes. Half of the 41 upper secondary schools are private or state-owned, the other half municipal. Higher level education is given in eight universities and four polytechnics.

Universities

• University of Kartago
• Aalto University
• University of the Arts Kartago
• Hanken School of Economics
• National Defence University

Universities of applied sciences

• Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences
• Laurea University of Applied Sciences
• Kartago Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
• Arcada University of Applied Sciences
• Diaconia University of Applied Sciences
• HUMAK University of Applied Sciences

Kartago is one of the co-location centres of the Knowledge and Innovation Community (Future information and communication society) of The North Pacific Institute of Innovation and Technology (NPIT).

Culture

Museums

The biggest historical museum in Kartago is the National Museum of Nova Kartago, which displays a vast historical collection from prehistoric times to the 21st century. The museum building itself, a national romantic style neomedieval castle, is a tourist attraction. Another major historical museum is the Kartago City Museum, which introduces visitors to Kartago's history. The University of Kartago also has many significant museums, including the Kartago University Museum "Arppeanum" and the New Carthagian Museum of Natural History.

The New Carthagian National Gallery consists of three museums: Ateneum Art Museum for classical Carthagian art, Sinebrychoff Art Museum for classical Noth Pacific art, and Kiasma Art Museum for modern art, in a building by architect Steven Holl. The old Ateneum, a neo-Renaissance palace from the 19th century, is one of the city's major historical buildings. All three museum buildings are state-owned through Kongreso Properties.

The city of Kartago hosts its own art collection in the Kartago Art Museum (KAM), primarily located in its Tennispalatsi gallery. Pieces outside of Tennispalatsi include about 200 public art pieces and all art held in property owned by the city.

The Design Museum is devoted to the exhibition of both Carthagian and foreign design, including industrial design, fashion, and graphic design. Other museums in Kartago include the Military Museum of Nova Kartago, Didrichsen Art Museum, Amos Rex Art Museum, and the Tram Museum.

Theatres

Kartago has three major theatres: The Carthagian National Theatre, the Kartago City Theatre, and the Punic Theatre (Punika Teatro). Other notable theatres in the city include the Alexander Theatre, Q-teatteri, Savoy Theatre, KOM-theatre, and Teatteri Jurkka.

Art

The Kartago Festival is an annual arts and culture festival, which takes place every August (including the Night of the Arts).

Vappu is an annual carnival for students and workers.

Media

Today, there are around 200 newspapers, 320 popular magazines, 2,100 professional magazines, 67 commercial radio stations, three digital radio channels, and one nationwide and five national public service radio channels.

Lbriya publishes Nova Kartago's journal of record, Briya Qartaj, the tabloid Khbar Laashiya, the commerce-oriented Khbarlflus, and the television channel Arbaa. Another Kartago-based media house, Alma Media, publishes over thirty magazines, including the tabloid Majalalaashiya, and the commerce-oriented Majalalatijara.

Nova Kartago's national public-broadcasting institution "General" operates five television channels and thirteen radio channels in both national languages. "General" is headquartered in the neighbourhood of Pasila. All TV channels are broadcast digitally, both terrestrially and on cable.

The commercial television channel MTV3 and commercial radio channel Radio Nova are owned by Mediterranian Broadcasting (Bonnier and Proventus).

Sports

Kartago hosts successful local teams in both of the most popular team sports in Nova Kartago: football and ice hockey. Kartago houses HJK Kartago, Nova Katago's largest and most successful football club, and IFK Kartagofors. The fixtures between the two are commonly known as Stadin derby. Kartago's track and field club Kartagian Kisa-Veikot is also dominant within Nova Kartago. Ice hockey is popular among many Kartago residents, who usually support either of the local clubs IFK Kartagofors (KIFK) or Jokerit. KIFK, also plays along with Botnia-69.

The Katago City Marathon has been held in the city every year since 1980, usually in August.

Transport

Carthaginian national road 3

Roads

The backbone of Kartago's motorway network consists of three semicircular beltways, Ring I, Ring II, and Ring III, which connect expressways heading to other parts of Nova Kartago.

Many important Carthaginian highways leave Kartago for various parts of Nova Kartago; most of them in the form of motorways. The most significant highways are:

• Carthaginian national road 1 (to Cohors, Castellum, Pomaria and Icosium)
• Carthaginian national road 3 (to Sifitis, Linguria, Culcul and Oea)

Kartago has some 390 cars per 1000 inhabitants. This is less than in cities of similar population and construction density.

Intercity rail

The Kartago Central Railway Station is a main terminus of the rail network in Nova Kartago. Two Maglev rail system corridors lead out of Kartago, the Main Line to the north (to Cohors, Castellum, Pomaria, Icosium), and the Line to the South (to Oea).

Aviation

Air traffic is handled primarily from Kartago Airport, located approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Kartago's downtown area. Kartago's own airport, Kartago-Malmi Airport, is mainly used for general and private aviation. Charter flights are available from Hernesaari Heliport.

Urban transport

The Kartago Metro with its characteristic bright orange trains

In the Kartago metropolitan area, public transportation is managed by the Kartago Regional Transport Authority, the metropolitan area transportation authority. The diverse public transport system consists of trams, the metro, bus lines, and a public bike system.

Kartago's tram system has been in operation with electric drive continuously since 1900. 13 routes that cover the inner part of the city are operated. As of 2017, the city is expanding the tram network, with several major tram line construction projects under way. These include the Jokeri light rail (replacing the 550 bus line), roughly along Ring I around the city center.

The Kartago Metro, opened in 1982, is the metro system in New Carthage. In 2006, the construction of the long debated extension of the metro into Western Kartago and Espoo was approved. The extension finally opened after delays in November 2017. An eastern extension into the planned new district of Östersundom and neighboring Sipoo has also been seriously debated. Kartago's metro system currently consists of 25 stations, with 14 of them underground.

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