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Oñis :)
Yes :)
Upper alterac and Kuerhyedeenistan
Post self-deleted by Eastern Tatarstan.
*Estonian SSR anthem instrumental intensifies*
Тамьк - food
Тамькак - to eat
Мьнтамькак - I eat (imperfect)
Мьнтамькакьз - I eat (perfect)
Мьнтамькаккьн - I eat (habitative)
Мьнтамькакжар - eat (imperative; in this case the speaker is ordering him/herself to eat)
Мьнтамькактьль - I want to eat
Мьнтамькакьмьштьль - I don't want to eat
Мьнтамькакьмьштьльга - I didn't want to eat
Basically all inflection used with verbs can be used with modal suffixes as well:
Мьнактьгактьлькьнта олау vs Мьнактьгаккьнтьльга олау
Both sentences could be loosely translated as "I wanted to do it" but in the first one, the habitative suffix used with modal suffix "want" but not with the werb "to do" means that at multiple distinct points in the past I wanted to do it - "I had the habit of wanting to do something", however in the second one, the suffix was moved to the verb and the meaning switched and it became "I wanted to have the habit of doing something".
And for the Finnish bit (I don't have a word for romm yet so I'll use "house"):
Үі - house
Үітар - houses
Ашүітар - some houses
Ашүітарда - in some houses (general location)
Ашүітаржьль - inside of some houses (precise location)
Үітармьнтарньнаіналашагьм - towards the surroundings of our houses
Auruna, Upper alterac, and Kuerhyedeenistan
Kuerhyét verbal morphology is both affixing and isolating.
Suinä - to eat, eating
Suinänu - I eat, I’m eating
Suinädie - thou’re eating
Suinta - (s)he/it’s eating
Suinänäm - the two of us but not you are eating
Suinämem - thou and me are eating
Suinädim - the two of you’re eating
Suinteam - the two of them are eating
Suinänä - we but not you are eating
Suinäme - we’re eating
Suinädi - you’re eating
Suintea - they’re are eating
Suinäso - someone is/are eating
There’s a spescial form for mentioning who is eating:
Suinin Marya - Marya is eating
Here, suinä is used as an intransitive verb, IE one without an object. In transitive sentences, the personal marking on the verb is reserved for the object, and the subject is either free-standing or marked on a preverb:
Enu suinin ohu - I’m eating an apple
Adie/edie/idie* suinin ohu - thou’re eating an apple
Ata suinin ohu - (s)he/it’s eating an apple
Dual and plural can be inferred from the above list.
*Intimate/general/polite form
Tense and aspect marking is isolating, and done with a preverb:
Suinänu - I’m eating
Hau suinänu - I am eating (with marked progressive aspect, I am in the process of eating)
Hua suinänu - I ate, I have been eating
Huä suinänu - I have (just) finished eating
Het suinänu - I finised eating (some time in the past)
Eyer suinänu - I (just now) started eating
Ayet suinänu - I started eating (some time in the past)
Tuo suinänu - I’m going to eat
Tuet suinänu - I was going to eat
Na suinänu - I use to eat
Nena suinänu - I used to eat
(This list is not exhaustive, and I’ve probably not even worked out all forms yet..)
Adding an object, thus turning suinä into a transitive verb will mean the subject (or more correctly, agent) is marked on the preverb. It’s never wrong to mark every subject on the preverb, but 1p.sg (I) can be omitted on certain preverbs, and 3p.sg can be omitted on others.. (I might edit in a list and a bit more explanations later, but I’m kindof running out of time rn..):
Hua suinta / huanu suinta - I ate it.
Nenayin Mihala suinin buiju - Mihal used to eat snot
There is also negator yu, yes/no-question verbal suffix -cyi and question particle ci:
Yudie nenacyi suinin buiju ci? - You didn't use to eat snot, did you?
Auruna, Upper alterac, and Fontcollina
Well then, my turn with Aurun. Verbs had a lot of work done to them and I'm not yet finished.
Esta - Eat
Esta(n)a - To eat / Eating
Estanen - Eating (3rd person)
Estani - Ate
Estaje - It eats / It is eating - referring to non-living things
Estaake - Finished eating
Estaaketa - Just ate
Estanesa - Will eat
Estanite - Can eat
Estaneli - Would eat
Estaakela - Has eaten
Estaakele - Have eaten
Estaakelata - Has been eaten
Estaakeleta - Have been eaten
Estame - Going to eat / About to eat
En esta keikani - He eats cake
En esta keikaa - He eats some of the cake
En estanen keikani - He is eating cake
En estanen keikaa - He is eating some of the cake
En estani keikani - He ate cake
En estani keikaa - He ate some of the cake
Keikani estaakelata - The cake has been eaten
Keikaa estaakelata - Some of the cake has been eaten
Keikanit estaakeleta - The cakes have been eaten
Keikaanet estaakeleta - Some of the cakes have been eaten
Keikanet estani ena - The cakes ate him
Keikanet estaje ena - The cakes are eating him
Okay I need to stop for now.
Headaches, headaches.
Upper alterac, Fontcollina, and Kuerhyedeenistan
Inverse diabetes
Giélyn!
Thank you!
Kowani, Upper alterac, Kongfuzia, and Kuerhyedeenistan
-Never mind.-
Inna has three nominal numbers: singular, paucal (two, three or four) and plural. Sg is unmarked, while pc and pl are marked by articles that might either precede or follow their head noun; im for pc and i for pl.
Definiteness is not a mandatory category, but may be shown by the article a for singular, and either by the article a in front of and the pc/pl article following the head noun, or by the number article both in front and following:
tə - (a/the) woman, a tə - the woman, im tə / tə im - (the) few (two, three or four) women, a tə im / im tə im - the few women, i tə / tə i - (the) women (five or more) , a tə i / i tə i - the women (five or more)
There are three basic pronouns, which can be distinguished numerically by the same numeral articles im and i.
Unnə - 1p. - I, im unnə / unnə im - we (two, three or four), i unnə / unnə i - we (five or more)
Dinə - 2p. - you sg, im dinə / dinə im - you pc, i dinə / dinə i - you pl
Atta - 3p. human - (s)he, im atta / atta im - they pc, i atta / atta i - they pl
Irə - 3p. non-human - it, im irə / irə im - they (n-h) pc, i irə / irə i - they (n-h) pl
The 3p pronouns double as demonstrative articles (this, that) when directly following a noun. The this/that distinction can be clarified by a locational modifier (o - next to me, ete - next to you, ide - over there, uδδe - unseen) :
era - (a/the) head, era irə - this head, era irə o - this head here, era irə ete - that head next to you, im era irə ide - those (pc) heads over there, i era irə uδδe - those (pl) heads which we can't see.
There are two classes of noun cases: core cases and locational cases. The core cases are prefixed (apart from absolutive which is unmarked), while the locational cases are suffixed. A noun can only have one core case at a time, while the locational cases can stack.
Absolutive: Ø-
Eregative: kə-
Genitive-secundative: δə-
Inessive: -tən
Ablative: -δər
Illative: -tannu
Allative: -tinne
Comitative: -mun
Imagine English but like Simplified Chinese
What would be the changes, aside from eliminating synonyms?
What does capital I mean? If it were Cyrillic, you could prolly replace it with another character.
Ah, I see. I thought there was some kind of Klingon capitalization whatever going on here.
By the way: do you think that it is possible for normal L and dark L (in my conlang) to be distinguished? Or would they inevitably become allophones?
No more umlaut maybe, so only -s for pluralisation? One foot - two foots. XD
Hm. There are some languages that distinguish several lateral sounds as separate phonemes, so it's definitely possible. Don't know about the statistical stability of such a system, but these things tend to be really language specific so I wouldn't worry about that. :)
1. For one second I thought you were talking about poetry, and I freaked out because I forgot everything about poetry and foots and meter.
2. I might represent it with Ł / ł. Sorry Poles, I still have no idea how that represents /w/.
Upper alterac and Kuerhyedeenistan
s'o'foi ḿetodo, bomsur
yes, that was definitely my method
Nakena and Kuerhyedeenistan
Word of the day: brachwair
sibling (lit. brother-sister)
Kowani, Upper alterac, Kongfuzia, Fontcollina, and 1 otherKuerhyedeenistan
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