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Jute wrote:

Psychology?

If one were to remove any religious aspect of the question and get down to the grit one could say you are purely your brain and its chemical functions, one could theoretically remove most parts of the body besides the brain and still have a person, but if one were to remove the brain the person would be gone. If one is religious and wants to reconcile conflicting evidence towards your beliefs it could be possible that your brain is the center of your soul or "essence". I personally do not let it bother me that much, I'm not very religious.
The likely answer to your question is Biology