The World Assembly,

Recognizing that issues of transboundary nature, of which environmental degradation is among the most consequential, are a salient concern for this Body to address, as no member state alone can fully address damages arising therefrom, and

Convinced that the long-term sustainability of shared ecosystems and the pursuit of economic development are inalienable rights of this Assembly’s members best considered as complementary, not competing, objectives to be navigated according to each member’s individual circumstances and capabilities, and

Noting that, following the annihilation of the body previously occupying this space, no extant WA entity serves to coordinate endeavors of environmental concern nor facilitate the international exchange of environmental information, hereby enacts as follows:

1. The World Assembly establishes the following guiding principles, in the hope that they will be respected and upheld by all members:

   1. Pursuant to international law, each member has the right to exploit the resources within their jurisdiction and the responsibility to ensure that such exploitation does not cause undue environmental harm to the jurisdiction of other members without their consent;

   2. Where there is a risk for significant or long-term environmental damage from state action or inaction, uncertainty of the possibility of such damage should not preclude reasonable efforts to prevent environmental damage;

   3. In cases where a member causes undue or preventable transboundary environmental harm to a neighboring member’s jurisdiction, the member responsible is also responsible for the cost of the infringement, accounting for feasibility, public interest, international trade, and other circumstantial considerations;

   4. When undertaking environmental initiatives, members ought to endeavor to equitably consider the needs of the current generation and future generations;

   5. Due to the varying circumstances, needs, and capabilities of members, each individual member has different and corresponding responsibilities to prevent and mitigate global environmental degradation;

   6. Individuals in members are entitled to be made aware of environmental proceedings which may reasonably affect them, including but not limited to health, safety, and quality of life risks from environmental degradation of any scale;

   7. Member-driven exploitation of the environment ought to be undertaken in a manner that maintains the long-term ecological viability of its components and does not cause significant degradation to adjacent, dependent, or intertwined ecosystems; and

   8. Members and their people ought to work together in good faith on environmental initiatives, especially where transboundary implications are entailed.

2. The Environmental Coordination Office (ECO) is hereby founded to aid members in their pursuit of environmental endeavors and response to environmental events. ECO shall be bound by the following duties and obligations, but shall not have the ability to compel a member into action or inaction unless further empowered by future resolutions:

   1. Regularly monitor global environmental markers, including but not limited to greenhouse gas emissions, ambient air quality, freshwater availability, and global biodiversity, and shall provide these measurements free of charge to all member governments;

   2. Coordinate with member governments on national and subnational environmental monitoring endeavors, striving to standardize environmental data measurement and reporting guidelines;

   3. Provide reasonable technical and logistical assistance to member governments suffering environmental damages or working on environmental projects upon request;

   4. Facilitate the exchange of pertinent information between members who may otherwise have difficulty exchanging such information, for example due to diplomatic tensions;

3. Upon becoming aware of an event within their jurisdiction that poses a credible risk of significant transboundary environmental harm, such as the large-scale release of pollutants, acute ecosystem collapse, or hazardous contamination of waterways or airsheds, members will notify ECO and any other potentially affected parties under World Assembly jurisdiction as soon as possible.

4. Any body established by future World Assembly legislation to address environmental matters should, unless that legislation specifies otherwise, either operate as a subsidiary body under ECO's administrative coordination or maintain a formally coordinated relationship with ECO, and shall work to ensure coherence among World Assembly environmental policy and the principles established herein.

The World Assembly understands there to be fundamental rights to life, dignity, and legal recognition for all persons within its jurisdiction. From these basic rights, a right to freedom from torture can be extrapolated. In pursuit of a strong international solution to ensure that all peoples are guaranteed this right, the World Assembly hereby enacts the following:

1. For the purposes of this resolution, “torture” is defined as any act which seeks to inflict severe psychological or physical pain or trauma against an individual for an interest in:

   1. coercing persons into providing information or consent, or complying with demands that are not strictly necessary to the conduction of law enforcement or military action; or

   2. punishing persons or using their pain or trauma to coerce or influence others.

2. Subjecting a person to torture is to be treated as a serious criminal offence in individual member-states’ jurisdictions and, when done in large scale against a civilian population, a crime against humanity as covered by international law. Aiding the execution of these crimes and complicity in torture must also be criminalised, with sanctions to be set proportionately to involvement.

3. The prior clause shall be interpreted as mandating the criminalization of significant involvement in the planning, ordering, or execution of torture; and as mandating the criminalization of compliance with an order to torture, except where:

   1. compliance was necessary to avoid grave punishment upon the complying person or another person known to the complying person, and

   2. that punishment is not merely financial or on the basis of reputation.

4. Member-states must provide educational materials for persons directly or indirectly serving them in roles that involve interrogation, criminal investigation, or the handling of prisoners or detainees, including instruction on the international prohibition of torture and the rights of persons regarding it.

5. It is the duty of every member-state to combat the practice of torture in its institutions and among its inhabitants. Member-states' governments are required to thoroughly investigate any credible report or accusation of torture within their jurisdiction, and prosecute it.

6. Confessions, testimonies, statements, and any other piece of evidence acquired by means of torture shall be considered inadmissible in every court proceeding, national or otherwise. Evidence an accused produced against themselves by torturing another person is admissible exclusively for the purpose of facilitating proceedings against them. The victims of torture may also use evidence produced by their torturing to prove the innocence of themselves or others on related accusations.

7. Member states may not retaliate against persons via direct or indirect means for reporting or attempting to report a violation of this resolution's mandates that is credible to the best of the reporter's knowledge, and must take effective action to curtail any retaliation which occurs in the jurisdiction of their state.

The World Assembly,

Aiming to promote fundamental legal principles across member nations,

Insisting that individuals possess a fundamental right to liberty and protection from arbitrary deprivation thereof,

Reaffirming that individuals should not be prosecuted unless they have violated criminal law, as it was promulgated at the time of the offence,

Recognizing that having legal standards that are publicly accessible and clear is crucial to ensuring fairness, predictability, and the rule of law,

Worried that unpublished laws lead to arbitrary and inconsistent legal enforcement,

Mandates:

a. "Recognized source of law" is defined, for the purposes of this resolution, as any source of law, judicial precedent, or executive policy which possesses legal authority to establish criminal liability,

b. Each member nation shall ensure that all recognized sources of law for that member nation are publicly promulgated and accessible to all whom they may apply to, whether directly by that member nation itself or indirectly by some organisations or individuals,

c. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment, unless authorized by a recognized source of law promulgated in accordance with the prior clause,

d. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment for any act that was not unlawful at the time the act occurred,

e. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment for any act in excess of that applicable at the time of the act

f. Member nations must provide a mechanism to allow individuals to seek judicial or equivalent lawful review of convictions or penalties purportedly imposed against this resolution's prohibitions,

g. When such review deems convictions or penalties have been imposed in violation of this resolution, member nations shall ensure appropriate legal remedy is provided and that convictions which were made not in compliance with this resolution are to be nullified,

h. Nothing in this resolution shall provide legal protection to individuals who claim ignorance of the law if the relevant law was publicly promulgated at the time of the act.