The World Assembly,

Affirming that member nations are sovereign political communities and not constituent subdivisions of an international federation;

Holding that such political communities ultimately derive their legitimacy from the societies that they represent, and therefore remain the primary institutions through which societies govern their own affairs;

Observing that the wide variety of political, social, and economic systems present throughout the international community renders centralized regulation both necessarily inefficient and generalizing to a dangerous extent;

Acknowledging that nevertheless, certain matters require international cooperation, whether due to their transboundary nature or their relation to fundamental rights;

Cognizant that efforts to address such matters carry the risk of displacing sovereign governance from its core competencies and, in doing so, can undermine the legitimacy of this body;

Seeking to establish a durable framework governing the relationship between the Assembly and its members;

Hereby:

1. Establishes that sovereign authority is presumed to reside in member nations except where expressly modified by legislation enacted by this Assembly;

2. Recognizes the following areas of governance as core sovereign competencies ordinarily reserved to member nations:

   1. Territorial governance, including the administration of territory and the populations subject to national authority;

   2. Domestic lawmaking, judicial administration, and the enforcement of the law;

   3. Foreign relations, including all facets of diplomacy, participation in international organizations, and commerce;

   4. National defense and the protection of populations from external threats;

   5. Economic governance, including taxation, fiscal and monetary policy, public expenditure, and currency issuance;

   6. Border control, immigration policy, and employment within national territory;

   7. The management, conservation, and exploitation of resources within national jurisdiction;

   8. Cultural, linguistic, educational, and civic policy;

3. Recognizes that matters involving the above areas of governance may nonetheless require international intervention where necessary to address transboundary concerns or protect fundamental rights;

4. Establishes that legislation affecting one or more sovereign competencies shall:

   1. Identify the competencies implicated by such legislation;

   2. Explain the necessity of Assembly action with respect to those competencies;

   3. Preserve the exercise of sovereign authority to the greatest extent consistent with achieving the objectives of that legislation;

5. Establishes that where legislation affects core sovereign competencies, implementation and enforcement shall be conducted through cooperation whenever reasonably practicable, and that legislation establishing such cooperative mechanisms shall provide procedures for review or appeal of decisions made pursuant thereto;

6. Mandates that member nations ensure their diplomats or representatives to the Assembly are appropriately instructed regarding their role and responsibilities within this body, recognizing that such instruction is necessary to enable the Assembly to conduct its proceedings through informed participation by its members, while leaving the means by which such instruction is provided to the discretion of each member nation.

The World Assembly,

Understanding the connection between a nation's capacity for innovation and the future prosperity of that nation, and believing in the ardent bolstering of national pursuit of innovation in order to support both its members and their citizens, and

Noting that nations which are still in the process of their development may find it harder to support the pursuit of knowledge by their denizens, which can exacerbate global socioeconomic inequities as nations which must spend the majority of their budget on, say, fundamental welfare programs, are kept from supporting the prospects of their rise on the global stage, therefore

Enacts as follows:

1. The World Assembly shall establish the World Assembly Science and Innovation Foundation (WASIF), which shall be tasked with encouraging and promoting basic and applied scientific research and scientific education in members.

   1. WASIF shall have the authority to initiate and support diverse research in members through the establishment of scientific grants, contracts, loans, and other forms of monetary or infrastructural support, as allowed by the WASIF budget. Forms of support must be awarded through a competitive process, based on the scientific merits of the proposal, the current infrastructure in the jurisdiction the request is coming from and the prospect for creating long-term improvements of that infrastructure, and educational outcomes for researchers on the project. No grant may be awarded to a non-citizen or non-resident of a World Assembly member.

   2. WASIF shall be empowered to provide scholarships and fellowships to promising students and early-career researchers, on a basis of financial need, merit, and available funds of the WASIF budget.

   3. WASIF shall have the authority to create relevant sub-branches, subject to World Assembly legislation, to aid in the pursuit of knowledge of specific research disciplines, including the physical sciences, social sciences, medical sciences, engineering, mathematics, or any other subject areas deemed relevant.

   4. WASIF shall work with national scientific agencies, where appropriate, to foster the exchange of information between scientists who reside in different World Assembly members.

   5. WASIF shall publish a semiannual report of finances, research proposals supported, geographical areas supported, and impacts resulting from WASIF-funded research. WASIF shall also be empowered to publish information on a more regular basis, as their mission so requires.

2. The World Assembly shall establish Global Research & Development Centers (GRDCs), which are to be administered by WASIF or a sub-entity thereof, which shall perform scientific and technological research in disciplinary priorities of the World Assembly. GRDCs may be established by WASIF in response to research priorities, and shall be established either in international territory, or individual members (including entities therein) may submit proposals for the site to be located in their jurisdiction, which shall be reviewed by an independent entity.

3. WASIF shall host the World Assembly Research Consortium, which shall be a forum for the international exchange of information and research. The Research Consortium shall establish relevant journals for each discipline, as needed. Any scientist or researcher in a member nation may publish rigorous, peer-reviewed research articles in a Research Consortium journal free-of-charge, and scientists or researcher in a non-member nation may publish peer-reviewed, credible research articles in a Research Consortium journal for an affordable and fair price. An appropriate portion of revenue generated from published research in Research Consortium journal shall be given to the scientist or researcher in the form of a royalty.

4. Any research funded with World Assembly monies under the provisions of this resolution must be made available free-of-charge to all individuals residing in a member nation, and must be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. The information may be kept behind a paywall for individuals residing in non-member nations. This clause may be waived upon a determination by WASIF or individual members that the research performed poses a substantial risk to local, national, or international security, or otherwise has dangerous applications in the hands of bad actors.

The World Assembly—

Recognizing the increasing threat to global agriculture posed by climate change, deforestation, and conflict,

Alarmed that overreliance on limited varieties of agricultural crops increases vulnerability to disease, pests, and continued changes to the environment,

Recalling previous efforts to safeguard global food networks,

Noting the new absence of a dedicated, sustainable, and scientifically managed seed preservation framework,

Affirming the importance of preserving agricultural biodiversity for both present and future generations as a necessity for life,

Hereby—

1. Establishes the International Seed Preservation Initiative (ISPI) as an independent, nationless body operating under the authority of, and funded by, the World Assembly, tasked with the collection, organization, preservation, and protection of agricultural seed diversity;

2. Mandates that the ISPI:

a. Maintain secure, climate-controlled seed storage facilities;
b. Develop redundant storage systems across multiple geographic regions to prevent catastrophic loss;
c. Prioritize the preservation of staple, cultivated crops, regionally significant plant species, and endangered flora;
d. Maintain records sufficient to ensure that distributed genetic material is used in accordance with this resolution;

3. Encourages all member nations to voluntarily contribute seeds, particularly those unique to their ecosystems or agricultural traditions;

4. Affirms that all contributed genetic material remains the sovereign property of the originating nation;

5. Provides that contributed genetic material shall not be patented, claimed as exclusive intellectual property, or commercially exploited in any way without the originating nation's consent, and may be used solely for preservation, research, and humanitarian restoration purposes;

6. The ISPI may temporarily suspend access to preserved genetic material for nations found to have knowingly violated Article 5 until such violations have been remedied.

7. Authorizes the ISPI to distribute preserved seeds at no cost to nations experiencing agricultural collapse due to disaster, conflict, or environmental crisis, in a manner that respects regional agricultural practices and ecological compatibility;

8. Prohibits the monopolization or restriction of access to preserved seed resources in ways that would undermine global food security;

9. Encourages international cooperation in agricultural research, including the development of resilient crop strains, while respecting ethical and ecological considerations;

10. Directs the ISPI to publish regular reports on the state of global agricultural biodiversity and risks to food systems.

The World Assembly understands there to be fundamental rights to life, dignity, and legal recognition for all persons within its jurisdiction. From these basic rights, a right to freedom from torture can be extrapolated. In pursuit of a strong international solution to ensure that all peoples are guaranteed this right, the World Assembly hereby enacts the following:

1. For the purposes of this resolution, “torture” is defined as any act which seeks to inflict severe psychological or physical pain or trauma against an individual for an interest in:

   1. coercing persons into providing information or consent, or complying with demands that are not strictly necessary to the conduction of law enforcement or military action; or

   2. punishing persons or using their pain or trauma to coerce or influence others.

2. Subjecting a person to torture is to be treated as a serious criminal offence in individual member-states’ jurisdictions and, when done in large scale against a civilian population, a crime against humanity as covered by international law. Aiding the execution of these crimes and complicity in torture must also be criminalised, with sanctions to be set proportionately to involvement.

3. The prior clause shall be interpreted as mandating the criminalization of significant involvement in the planning, ordering, or execution of torture; and as mandating the criminalization of compliance with an order to torture, except where:

   1. compliance was necessary to avoid grave punishment upon the complying person or another person known to the complying person, and

   2. that punishment is not merely financial or on the basis of reputation.

4. Member-states must provide educational materials for persons directly or indirectly serving them in roles that involve interrogation, criminal investigation, or the handling of prisoners or detainees, including instruction on the international prohibition of torture and the rights of persons regarding it.

5. It is the duty of every member-state to combat the practice of torture in its institutions and among its inhabitants. Member-states' governments are required to thoroughly investigate any credible report or accusation of torture within their jurisdiction, and prosecute it.

6. Confessions, testimonies, statements, and any other piece of evidence acquired by means of torture shall be considered inadmissible in every court proceeding, national or otherwise. Evidence an accused produced against themselves by torturing another person is admissible exclusively for the purpose of facilitating proceedings against them. The victims of torture may also use evidence produced by their torturing to prove the innocence of themselves or others on related accusations.

7. Member states may not retaliate against persons via direct or indirect means for reporting or attempting to report a violation of this resolution's mandates that is credible to the best of the reporter's knowledge, and must take effective action to curtail any retaliation which occurs in the jurisdiction of their state.

The World Assembly,

Aiming to promote fundamental legal principles across member nations,

Insisting that individuals possess a fundamental right to liberty and protection from arbitrary deprivation thereof,

Reaffirming that individuals should not be prosecuted unless they have violated criminal law, as it was promulgated at the time of the offence,

Recognizing that having legal standards that are publicly accessible and clear is crucial to ensuring fairness, predictability, and the rule of law,

Worried that unpublished laws lead to arbitrary and inconsistent legal enforcement,

Mandates:

a. "Recognized source of law" is defined, for the purposes of this resolution, as any source of law, judicial precedent, or executive policy which possesses legal authority to establish criminal liability,

b. Each member nation shall ensure that all recognized sources of law for that member nation are publicly promulgated and accessible to all whom they may apply to, whether directly by that member nation itself or indirectly by some organisations or individuals,

c. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment, unless authorized by a recognized source of law promulgated in accordance with the prior clause,

d. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment for any act that was not unlawful at the time the act occurred,

e. Member nations shall ensure that no individual within their jurisdiction may be subjected to criminal punishment for any act in excess of that applicable at the time of the act

f. Member nations must provide a mechanism to allow individuals to seek judicial or equivalent lawful review of convictions or penalties purportedly imposed against this resolution's prohibitions,

g. When such review deems convictions or penalties have been imposed in violation of this resolution, member nations shall ensure appropriate legal remedy is provided and that convictions which were made not in compliance with this resolution are to be nullified,

h. Nothing in this resolution shall provide legal protection to individuals who claim ignorance of the law if the relevant law was publicly promulgated at the time of the act.

The World Assembly,

Recognizing the importance of the electromagnetic spectrum in global communication, enabling modern wonders from cell phones to accurate weather forecasting to the internet, and

Cognizant of the fact that, despite these wondrous technologies stemming from spectrum use, the physics underpinning spectrum do not care for trivial political matters like "national borders," and that the international community failing to coordinate their spectrum use may jeopardize the advantages of the technology for all, and

Nervously sweating about the prospect of tackling this subject for thousands of nations with competing interests worldwide, therefore enacts as follows:

1. For the purposes of this resolution:

   1. "Spectrum" shall refer to the range of electromagnetic frequencies capable of being used for the transmission of information without physical connection between the points of transmission and reception;

   2. "Band" shall refer to any continuous portion of the spectrum defined by an upper and lower boundary;

   3. "Allocation" shall refer to the designation of a band for one or more classes of use, establishing the purposes for which the band may be used;

   4. "Assignment" shall refer to an authorization granted by a member to a particular user to operate within an allocated band, consistent with the allocation governing that band;

   5. "Harmful interference" shall refer to the degradation, obstruction, or repeated interruption of another use of the spectrum to a significant degree.

2. The Spectrum Policy and Allocations Network (SPAN) is established as the World Assembly body responsible for coordinating the use of spectrum among members. SPAN shall be bound by the following duties and responsibilities:

   1. SPAN shall establish and maintain a table of allocations designating appropriate use for each band, and revise it as technological and operational circumstances require;

   2. To members that lack the technical capacity to coordinate their assignments, SPAN shall provide reasonable technical assistance upon request, and when coordinating access to unassigned spectrum bands shall give due consideration to these members;

   3. Upon member request, SPAN shall attempt to voluntarily coordinate with non-members whose spectrum use interacts with that of members, or otherwise assist members in managing use adjacent to uncoordinated jurisdictions.

   4. SPAN shall not have the power to compel any member into action or inaction unless actively provided for by the World Assembly.

3. There shall exist a register of assignments, which shall be operated and maintained by SPAN and made available to all members. This register shall operate as follows:

   1. Before bringing into use an assignment that may cause harmful interference to another member, a member shall coordinate that assignment with affected members and record it in the register;

   2. Recorded assignments are protected against harmful interference from other members in the order in which they are recorded;

   3. A member whose spectrum use causes undue harmful interference to an earlier protected assignment shall forfeit the protections this resolution grants to their own assignments;

   4. Upon becoming aware of an event or emergent condition posing a credible risk of harmful interference to another member, a member must notify SPAN and any potentially affected members as soon as reasonably practicable;

   5. Disputes as to harmful interference or protected standing shall be adjudicated by SPAN;

   6. SPAN may reclaim the protected standing of assignments which are unused or held in excess of demonstrated need.

4. SPAN shall establish autonomous groups to coordinate assignments among members whose use of spectrum interacts, which shall operate as follows:

   1. Members are placed into groups on the basis of the interaction of their spectrum use, and the composition of these groups shall be adjusted as those interactions change;

   2. Each group shall coordinate assignments among its members and may make coordination refinements applicable within the group, with due consideration to the individual needs and wants of the group's members, the provisions provided by this resolution, and SPAN's table of allocations;

   3. Matters affecting members of more than one group, or unresolved within a group, shall be adjudicated by SPAN;

   4. Members may be members of multiple groups if multiple cover their spectrum needs.