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Finished my Military Factbook:
Military History
Military Flag
Troops: 138,100
- Corps: 6
- Battalion: 16
- Comapany: 12
- Platoon: 6
Cavalry: 4,610 Horses
Warships: 50
Official Languages: Manchurian, Mandarin, Mongolian
Income: 925,869,000
The Qing dynasty, founded in 1636, was established by conquest and has since been maintained by armed force. The founding emperors personally organized and led the army and military, and the continued cultural and political legitimacy of the dynasty depended on the ability to defend the country from invasion and expand its territory. Therefore, military institutions, leadership, and finance have become fundamental to the dynasty's success in the 18th and 19th centuries. The early military system centered on the Eight Banners, a hybrid institution that also played social, economic, and political roles. The Banner system was developed on an informal basis as early as 1601, and formally established in 1615 by Jurchen leader Nurhaci (1559–1626), the founder of the Qing Empire. His son Hong Taiji (1592–1643), who renamed the Jurchens "Manchus," created eight Mongol banners to mirror the Manchu ones and eight "Han-martial" banners manned by Chinese who surrendered to the Qing before the full-fledged conquest of China proper began in 1644. After 1644, the Ming Chinese troops that surrendered to the Qing were integrated into the Green Standard Army, a corps that today outnumbers the Banners by three to one. Early Manchu imperial princes led the Banners in defeating the Ming armies, but after lasting peace was established starting in 1683, both the Banners and the Green Standard Armies started to lose their efficiency. Garrisoned in cities, soldiers had few occasions to drill. The Qing nonetheless used superior armament and logistics to expand deeply into Central Asia, defeat the Dzungar Mongols in 1759, and complete their conquest of Xinjiang.
The Eight Banners
One of the keys to Nurhaci's successful unification of the Jurchen tribes and his challenge to the Ming dynasty in the early seventeenth century was the formation of the Eight Banners, a uniquely Manchu institution that is militarily efficient, but also key in economic, social, and political roles. As early as 1601 and possibly years earlier, Nurhaci made his soldiers and their families register into permanent companies known as niru, the same name as the smaller hunting parties in which Jurchen men traditionally joined to practice military operations and wage war. Sometime before 1607, these companies were themselves grouped into larger units called gūsa, or "banners," differentiated by colors: yellow, white, red, and blue.[ In 1615 a red border was added to each flag (except for the red banner, to which a white border was added) to form a total of eight banners that Jurchen troops carried into battles. The banner system allowed Nurhaci's new state to absorb defeated Jurchen tribes simply by adding companies; this integration in turn helped to reorganize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations.
As Qing power expanded north of the Great Wall, the Banner system kept expanding too. Soon after defeating the Chahar Mongols with the help of other Mongol tribes in 1635, Nurhaci's son and successor Hong Taiji incorporated his new Mongol subjects and allies into the Mongol Eight Banners, which ran parallel to the original Manchu banners. Hong Taiji was more prudent in integrating Chinese troops. In 1629, he first created a "Chinese army" of about 3000 men. In 1631 these Chinese troops absorbed men that could build and operate European-style cannonry, and were therefore renamed "Heavy Troops". By 1633 they numbered about 20 companies and 4,500 men fighting under black standards. These Chinese companies were grouped into two banners in 1637, four in 1639, and finally eight banners in 1642. These "Hanjun" banners are known as the "Chinese" or "Chinese-martial" banners.
The banners in their order of precedence are as follows: yellow, bordered yellow, white, red, bordered white, bordered red, blue, and bordered blue. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners are collectively known as the "Upper Three Banners" and are under the direct command of the emperor. Only Manchus belonging to the Upper Three Banners, and selected Han Chinese who have passed the highest level of martial exams are qualified to serve as the emperor's personal bodyguards. The remaining Banners are known as the "Lower Five Banners" and are commanded by hereditary Manchu princes descended from Nurhachi's immediate family, known informally as the "Iron Cap Princes." In Nurhaci's era and the early Hong Taiij era, these princes formed the ruling council of the Manchu nation as well as high command of the army.
The Green Standard Army
After capturing Beijing in 1644, and as the Qing rapidly gained control of large tracts of former Ming territory, the relatively small Banner armies were augmented by remnants of Ming forces that surrendered to the Qing. Some of these troops were first accepted into the Chinese-martial banners, but after 1645 they were integrated into a new military unit called the Green Standard Army, named after the color of their battle pennants. Green Standard armies were created in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Jiangnan in 1645, in Fujian in 1650, in Lianguang in 1651, in Guizhou in 1658, and in Yunnan in 1659. They have maintained their Ming-era ranks and are led by a mix of Banner and Green Standard officers. These Chinese troops today outnumbe Banner troops three to one (about 40,000 Green Standard troops to 20,000 bannermen). Even though the Manchu banners were the most effective fighting force during the Qing conquest of China, most of the fighting was done by Chinese banners and Green Standard troops, especially in southern China where Manchu cavalry played less of a role. The banners also performed badly during the revolt of the Three Feudatories that erupted in southern China in 1673. It was regular Chinese troops, albeit led by Manchu and Chinese officers, who helped the Qing to defeat their enemies in 1681 and thus consolidate their control over all of China. Green Standard troops also formed the main personnel of the naval forces that defeated the Zheng family kingdom on Taiwan island in 1683.
The Banners and Green Standard troops are standing armies, paid for by the central government. In addition, regional governors from provincial down to village level are allowed to maintain their own irregular local militias for police duties and disaster relief. These militias are usually granted small annual stipends from regional coffers for part-time service obligations.
RHINE MEDIA | Official Statement
23 February 2018
We apologise to Gegernia for mis-representing him during the daily news bulletin published on the 18th of March 2018
We would also like to inform nations that I have decided to move to a weekly bulletin to continue to provide a consistent news feed to the region whilst allowing for an increase in my work.
We apologise for any disruptions.
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Artienia Arbraria AnapragnaThe liamese empire
We aren’t
Post self-deleted by Anapragna.
Lol
Arbraria and Umbrella United corporation
https://youtu.be/TnOdAT6H94s?t=49
Anapragna and Umbrella United corporation
It's not just super rabbit,
IT'S CHINA!
Anapragna and Umbrella United corporation
I'm so happy This is the first time I've been able to play Nation States in a long time because of computer issues.
Republic of Altos and Stratis, Free city of rigia, Tetrik union, Anapragna, and 2 othersUmbrella United corporation, and Scholars of diplomacy
Hello all. Back from vacay
Anapragna and Umbrella United corporation
Welcome back!
The Roleplay began yesterday. You can go ahead and start building up your military and bask in the anticipation of conquest
Free city of rigia, Umbrella United corporation, and Cheroqui
Four hours. Wow I thought I was tired. I only got 6 lol
Britannia1, Anapragna, Arbraria, and Umbrella United corporation
The deal with those from Unknown has been aborted, due to the circumstances of a tainted deal. Our next vote will be an official vote on becoming defenders.
I can understand what you’re thinking. We’ve messed the world of nationstates about, and I take full responsability for it. Making deals with raiders that took your home region is the lowest form of betrayal, to both your people and to the honourable people of AIR. For that, I take the blame. I will make moves to see us be more respectable in the world of nationstates and clean up the messes I have made. Thank you, RHINIA. For always being there.
Compound Light Microscope, Gegernia, Anapragna, Scholars of diplomacy, and 1 otherLatman
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