«12. . .86,36186,36286,36386,36486,36586,36686,367. . .92,18192,182»
is blyatiful! ^.^
Paramountica, Nosautempopulus, Enchanted Oasis, Liberalina, and 1 otherDiwi
Sleep is always good lol, my day went okay. I forgot I had to be at work at 11 this morning and was already 11:15 so I had to do that but managed to get off at 4 x3
Have to get up early tomorrow morning to help with a catering order but otherwise get off at the same time as today. On Youtube watching more horror gameplay before I go to bed ^>^
just got done babysitting
made 45$
Paramountica and Diwi
USSR inferior state smh
“. . . I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial family, to which we all belong. . . .”— Her Majesty, THE QUEEN — April 21st 1947
—
—
H E R—M A J E S T Y
.
and the Other Commonwealth Realms
Reign | 6 February 1952 – Present |
Predecessor | George VI |
Heir Apparent | Charles, Prince of Wales |
Current Prime Minister | Theresa May |
Born | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary |
Nationality | British |
Spouse(s) | Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh |
Issue | Charles, Prince of Wales |
Residence | Buckingham Palace |
Religion | Church of England |
House | Windsor |
Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
Father | King George VI |
The Monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, who ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.
The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties. As the monarchy is constitutional, the monarch is limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours and appointing the Prime Minister. The monarch is Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. Though the ultimate formal executive authority over the government of the United Kingdom is still by and through the monarch's royal prerogative, these powers may only be used according to laws enacted in Parliament and, in practice, within the constraints of convention and precedent. The monarch is also the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, England's established church.
The British monarchy traces its origins from the petty kingdoms of early medieval Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England, which consolidated into the kingdoms of England and Scotland by the 10th century AD. In 1066, the last crowned Anglo-Saxon monarch, Harold Godwinson, was defeated and killed during the Norman conquest of England and the English monarchy passed to the Normans' victorious leader, William the Conqueror, and his descendants.
From the 1080s, the lordships of South Wales were held by a succession of Norman families inter-married with older Welsh houses loyal to the English throne, with many lordships also held by the English King in his own right. The process was completed in the 13th century when the north of Wales, as a principality, became a client state of the English kingdom, while Magna Carta began a process of reducing the English monarch's political powers.
From 1603, when the Scottish monarch James VI inherited the English throne as James I, both the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a single sovereign. From 1649 to 1660, the tradition of monarchy was broken by the republican Commonwealth of England, which followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The Act of Settlement 1701 excluded Roman Catholics, or those who married Catholics, from succession to the English throne. In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great Britain, and in 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The British monarch became nominal head of the vast British Empire, which covered a quarter of the world's surface at its greatest extent in 1921.
In the early 1920s, five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the Union as the Irish Free State, and the Balfour Declaration recognized the evolution of the dominions of the empire into separate, self-governing countries within a Commonwealth of Nations. After the Second World War, the vast majority of British colonies and territories became independent, effectively bringing the empire to an end. George VI and his successor, Elizabeth II, adopted the title Head of the Commonwealth as a symbol of the free association of its independent member states. In the early 2010s, Ireland voted to rejoin the United Kingdom, and so the two countries were reunified, with Elizabeth II as head of state.
The United Kingdom and fifteen other Commonwealth monarchies that share the same person as their monarch are called Commonwealth realms. The terms British monarchy and British monarch are frequently still employed in reference to the shared individual and institution; however, each country is sovereign and independent of the others, and the monarch has a different, specific, and official national title and style for each realm.
Queen Elizabeth's full title by right of the Crown is:
"Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith"
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Elizabeth was born in London as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and she was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, with whom she has four children: Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Andrew, Duke of York; and Edward, Earl of Wessex.
When her father died in February 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She has reigned through major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonization of Africa. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver Jubilee in 1977.
Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, the Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptized by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May, and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.
Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature, and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".
During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young. Many people believed he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.
Elizabeth received private tuition in constitutional history from Henry Marten, Vice-Provost of Eton College, and learned French from a succession of native-speaking governesses. A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company, was formed specifically so she could socialize with girls her own age. Later, she was enrolled as a Sea Ranger.
In 1939, Elizabeth's parents toured Canada and the United States. As in 1927, when her parents had toured Australia and New Zealand, Elizabeth remained in Britain, since her father thought her too young to undertake public tours. Elizabeth "looked tearful" as her parents departed. They corresponded regularly, and she and her parents made the first royal transatlantic telephone call on 18 May.
Second World War
April 1945
In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave." Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers, and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end, all will be well."
In 1943, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she was appointed as an honorary second subaltern in the Auxiliary Territorial Service with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander five months later.
At the end of the war in Europe, on Victory in Europe Day, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret mingled anonymously with the celebratory crowds in the streets of London. Elizabeth later said in a rare interview, "We asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves. I remember we were terrified of being recognized...I remember lines of unknown people linking arms and walking down Whitehall, all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief."
During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for several reasons, including fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
Princess Elizabeth went in 1947 on her first overseas tour, accompanying her parents through southern Africa. During the tour, in a broadcast to the British Commonwealth on her 21st birthday, she made the following pledge: "I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong."
Marriage
Elizabeth met her future husband, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, in 1934 and 1937. They are second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria. After another meeting at the Royal Naval College in Dartmouth in July 1939, Elizabeth – though only 13 years old – said she fell in love with Philip, and they began to exchange letters. She was 21 when their engagement was officially announced on 9 July 1947.
The engagement was not without controversy; Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. He was a prince without a home or kingdom. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin." Later biographies reported Elizabeth's mother initially opposed the union, dubbing Philip "The Hun". In later life, however, the Queen Mother told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".
Before the marriage, Philip renounced his Greek and Danish titles, officially converted from Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism, and adopted the style Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, taking the surname of his mother's British family. Just before the wedding, he was created Duke of Edinburgh and granted the style His Royal Highness.
Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2,500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.
Elizabeth gave birth to her first child, Prince Charles, on 14 November 1948. One month earlier, the King had issued letters patent allowing her children to use the style and title of a royal prince or princess, to which they otherwise would not have been entitled as their father was no longer a royal prince. A second child, Princess Anne, was born in 1950.
Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth lived intermittently in Malta for several months at a time in the hamlet of Gwardamanġa, at Villa Guardamangia, the rented home of Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten. The children remained in Britain.
Accession and coronation
June 1953
During 1951, George VI's health declined, and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace.
With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, "I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children." In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.
Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret told her sister she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. The Queen asked them to wait for a year; in the words of Martin Charteris, "the Queen was naturally sympathetic towards the Princess, but I think she thought – she hoped – given time, the affair would peter out." Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. Eventually, she decided to abandon her plans with Townsend. In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones, who was created Earl of Snowdon the following year. They divorced in 1978; she did not remarry.
Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time. Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute.
Continuing the evolution of the Commonwealth
From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land, sea, and air. She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. Throughout her reign, the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth; she is the most widely traveled head of state in the world.
c. 1960
In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.
The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.
In 1957, she made a state visit to the United States, where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada. In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran. On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins. Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen." Before her tour through parts of Quebec in 1964, the press reported extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth's assassination. No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.
Elizabeth's pregnancies with Princes Andrew and Edward, in 1959 and 1963, mark the only times she has not performed the State Opening of the British parliament during her reign. In addition to performing traditional ceremonies, she also instituted new practices. Her first royal walkabout, meeting ordinary members of the public, took place during a tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1970.
Acceleration of decolonisation
The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonization of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves towards majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it unachieved in 1973.
In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.
A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, saying she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.
Silver Jubilee
In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".
In 1991, in the wake of coalition victory in the Gulf War, the Queen became the first British monarch to address a joint meeting of the United States Congress.
Annus Horribilis
In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. Republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness, and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity.
In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seems higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying a divorce was desirable. The divorce was finalized in August of 1996. Diana lost her title of "Royal Highness" and was to be styled as Diana, Princess of Wales in the future. It was reported that the Queen wanted Diana to keep her titles but Charles insisted on having them removed.
Following Diana's tragic death in a car accident in Paris, the Monarchy came under intense scrutiny. The Queen was criticized on her half-hearted response to Diana's death. Following urging from Prime Minister Tony Blair, the Queen went into public and mourned with the people over Diana. She also allowed her a full public funeral, usually reserved for just members of the Royal Family, even though Diana technically wasn't a part of the family anymore. After the whole situation, the Queen's popularity continued to rise and now she maintains relatively high popularity. Even though she was criticized, republicanism was still in the minority and is nowhere near a majority in support.
As the new century dawned, the Queen and her family remain popular. The Queen celebrated her Golden Jubilee in 2002. In that same year, she lost both her mother and her sister. The celebrations continued despite the losses of members of the Royal Family. The Queen still participates in day-to-day activities, despite her advancing age. In 2012, the Queen celebrated 60 years on the throne, becoming the second British Monarch to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee, after her Great-Great Grandmother, Queen Victoria. In 2013, she became Queen of Ireland, as the Republic of Ireland vote to rejoin the United Kingdom.
Regal Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Spouse | Successor | House |
William I | c. 1028 | 25 December 1066 - 9 September 1087 | 9 September 1087 | Matilda of Flanders | William II | Normandy |
William II | c. 1056 | 26 September 1087 - 2 August 1100 | 2 August 1100 | Unmarried | Henry I | Normandy |
Henry I | September 1068 | 5 August 1100 - 1 December 1135 | 1 December 1135 | Matilda of Scotland | Stephen | Normandy |
Stephen | c. 1096 | 22 December 1135 - 25 October 1154 | 25 October 1154 | Matilda of Boulogne | Matilda | Blois |
Matilda (Disputed) | 7 February 1102 | 7 April 1141 - 1 November 1141 | 10 September 1167 | Henry V of the H.R.E. Geoffrey Plantagenet | Henry II | Normandy |
Henry II | 5 March 1133 | 19 December 1154 - 6 July 1189 | 6 July 1189 | Eleanor of Aquitaine | Richard I | Anjou |
Richard I | 8 September 1157 | 3 September 1189 - 6 April 1199 | 6 April 1199 | Berengaria of Navarre | John | Anjou |
John | 24 December 1166 | 27 May 1199 - 19 October 1216 | 19 October 1216 | Isabel of Gloucester | Henry III | Anjou |
Henry III | 1 October 1207 | 28 October 1216 - 16 November 1272 | 16 November 1272 | Eleanor of Provence | Edward I | Plantagenet |
Edward I | 17 June 1239 | 20 November 1272 - 7 July 1307 | 7 July 1307 | Eleanor of Castile | Edward II | Plantagenet |
Edward II | 25 April 1284 | 8 July 1307 - 20 January 1327 | 30 January 1327 | Isabella of France | Edward III | Plantagenet |
Edward III | 13 November 1312 | 25 January 1327 - 21 June 1377 | 19 October 1216 | Philippa of Hainault | Richard II | Plantagenet |
Richard II | 6 January 1367 | 22 June 1377 - 29 September 1399 | 14 February 1400 | Anne of Bohemia | Henry IV | Plantagenet |
Henry IV | 3April 1367 | 30 September 1399 - 20 March 1413 | 20 March 1413 | Mary de Bohun | Henry V | Lancaster |
Henry V | 16 September 1386 | 21 March 1413 - 31 August 1422 | 31 August 1422 | Catherine of Valois | Henry VI | Lancaster |
Henry VI (1st reign) | 6 December 1421 | 1 September 1422 - 4 March 1461 | 21 May 1471 | Margaret of Anjou | Edward IV | Lancaster |
Edward IV (1st reign) | 28 April 1442 | 4 March 1461 - 3 October 1470 | 9 April 1483 | Elizabeth Woodville | Edward V | York |
Henry VI (2nd reign) | 6 December 1421 | 3 October 1470 - 11 April 1471 | 21 May 1471 | Margaret of Anjou | Edward IV | Lancaster |
Edward IV (2nd reign) | 28 April 1442 | 11 April 1471 - 9 April 1483 | 9 April 1483 | Elizabeth Woodville | Edward V | York |
Edward V | 2 November 1470 | 9 April 1483 - 25 June 1483 | Disappeared mid-1483 | Unmarried | Richard III | York |
Richard III | 2 October 1452 | 26 June 1483 - 22 August 1485 | 22 August 1485 | Anne Neville | Henry VII | York |
Henry VII | 28 January 1457 | 22 August 1485 - 21 April 1509 | 21 April 1509 | Elizabeth of York | Henry VIII | Tudor |
Henry VIII | 28 June 1491 | 22 April 1509 - 28 January 1547 | 28 January 1547 | Katherine of Aragon | Edward VI | Tudor |
Edward VI | 12 October 1537 | 28 January 1547 - 6 July 1553 | 6 July 1553 | Unmarried | Lady Jane Grey* | Tudor |
Lady Jane Grey (Disputed) | October 1537 | 10 July 1553 - 19 July 1553 | 12 February 1554 | Unmarried | Mary I | Tudor |
Mary I | 18 Feburary 1516 | 19 July 1553 - 17 November 1558 | 17 November 1558 | Philip II of Spain | Elizabeth I | Tudor |
Philip II (Jure uxoris) | 21 May 1527 | 25 July 1554 -17 November 1558 | 13 September 1598 | Mary I | Elizabeth I | Habsburg |
Elizabeth I | 7 September 1533 | 17 November 1558 - 24 March 1603 | 24 March 1603 | Unmarried | James I & VI | Tudor |
James I & VI (Scotland) | 19 June 1566 | 24 March 1603 - 27 March 1625 | 27 March 1625 | Anne of Denmark | Charles I | Stuart |
Charles I | 19 November 1600 | 27 March 1625 - 30 January 1649 | 30 January 1649 | Henrietta Maria of France | Oliver Cromwell (Commonwealth) | Stuart |
Charles II | 29 May 1630 | 4 March 1649 (1660)* - 6 February 1685 | 6 February 1685 | Catherine of Braganza | James II | Stuart |
James II & VII (Scotland) | 14 October 1633 | 6 February 1685 - 23 December 1688 | 16 September 1701 | Anne Hyde | Mary II & William III | Stuart |
Mary II | 30 April 1662 | 13 February 1689 - 28 December 1694 | 28 December 1694 | William III | Anne | Stuart |
William III | 4 November 1650 | 13 February 1689 - 8 March 1703 | 8 March 1703 | Mary II | Anne | Orange-Nassau |
Anne | 6 February 1665 | 8 March 1703 - 1 May 1707* | 1 August 1714 | George of Denmark | George I | Stuart |
*Claim disputed as she was not crowned.
*Recognised by Royalist in 1649. All documents were dated using 1649 upon restoration.
*Known as James VI, James VII in Scotland.
*Continued her reign as Queen Anne of Great Britain until 1714. Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland until the Acts of Union 1707.
Regal Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Spouse | Successor | House |
Anne | 6 February 1665 | 1 May 1707 - 1 August 1714* | 1 August 1714 | George of Denmark | George I | Stuart |
George I | 7 June 1660 | 1 August 1714 - 22 June 1727 | 11 June 1727 | Sophia Dorothea of Celle | George II | Hanover |
George II | 9 November 1683 | 22 June 1727 - 25 October 1760 | 25 October 1760 | Caroline of Ansbach | George III | Hanover |
George III | 4 June 1738 | 25 October 1760 - 29 January 1820 | 29 January 1820 | Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | George IV | Hanover |
George IV | 12 August 1762 | 29 January 1820 - 26 June 1830 | 26 June 1830 | Caroline of Brunswick | William IV | Hanover |
William IV | 21 August 1765 | 26 June 1830 - 20 June 1837 | 20 June 1837 | Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen | Victoria | Hanover |
Victoria | 24 May 1816 | 20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901 | 22 January 1901 | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Edward VII | Hanover |
Edward VII | 9 November 1841 | 22 January 1901 - 6 May 1910 | 6 May 1910 | Alexandra of Denmark | George V | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
George V | 3 June 1865 | 6 May 1910 - 20 January 1936 | 20 January 1936 | Mary of Teck | Edward VIII | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (until 1917) |
Edward VIII | 23 June 1894 | 20 January 1936 - 11 December 1936 | 28 May 1972 | Wallis Simpson | George VI | Windsor |
George VI | 14 December 1895 | 11 December 1936 - 6 February 1952 | 6 February 1952 | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | Elizabeth II | Windsor |
Elizabeth II | 21 April 1926 | 6 February 1952 - Present | ... | Philip, Duke of Edinburgh | Charles, Prince of Wales | Windsor |
*Was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland prior to the Acts of Union 1707.
All Rights Reserved © Government | United Kingdom of Great Britain & N. Ireland
<3
I've finished updating all my current factbooks except demographics, now I'll write the two RPs I want, and create the new ones I need
Yarosluv and Enchanted Oasis
yeah time to nuke
Status | Issue | Legality | Punishment(?) |
Status | Abortion | I L L E G A L | Spain, a Catholic nation, follows the Catholic belief that "human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception" and it is enshrined in law. Punishments could range from fines to prison time along with excommunication with the church. |
Status | Homosexuality | I L L E G A L | NOTE: Despite being illegal it is not an enforced law. Although the Catholic church teaches that sexual relations between members of the same sex is forbidden, it is NOT taught that it is inherently sinful. Spanish law regarding this is incredibly relaxed and so is not enforced. The most recent case of homosexuality being punished was in 1979. |
Status | Rec. Drug Use | I L L E G A L | Recreational drug use has never been legalised in Spain and it is an enforced law. Punishment for use, distribution and posession often include relatively long prison sentences. |
Status | Gun ownership | L E G A L | Only individuals who pass strict tests and examinations may qualify to hold a firearms license. Even then, a license owner may only own a sports shotgun or hunting shotgun or bolt action hunting rifle. The National Firearms Authority may revoke licenses at any time even without explanation. |
Status | Freedom of Speech | L E G A L | Free speech is considered one of the cornerstones of the Modern Spanish state. It is protected in law so long that it does not incite violence or cause major societal issues such as widespread violence and riots. |
Status | Freedom of Religion | L E G A L | Although the national religion of Spain is Catholicism, you may practice any religion you wish. However being a Protestant Christian is heavily frowned upon in society. |
Status | Freedom of Protest | L E G A L | Spanish law states that "the people, if dissatisfied or angry at developments, old or recent, may protest, even in public". Protests however, must be stopped if they begin to cause violence and police reserve their power to break up protests that cause such or are deemed unsafe. |
Status | Flag dececration | I L L E G A L | It is illegal to intentionally burn, slash, cut or damage the Cross of Burgundy. Punishments are often fines but could also involve prison time. |
Status | Transgenderism | I L L E G A L | As a Catholic nation, it is taught that "God created humans as male and female". It is believed in the church and upheld in Spanish law that one cannot change their gender or sex and it is defacing a creation of God. It is an incredibly taboo subject in Spain. |
Status | Freedom of the Press | L E G A L | News outlets may publish as they please so long as the news is not "untrue nor constructed (falsified)". Falsified news is often removed as it could reach mainstream media and cause major social issues. Punishments are often fines but could be prison time depending on events following the release of the falsified news. |
Status | Unemployment | L E G A L | Unemployment is not illegal but is often frowned upon. |
Status | Freedom of movement | L E G A L | All tourists and Spanish citizens may travel freely across the entirety of the country and it's overseas posessions. |
Status | Pornography | I L L E G A L | NOTE: This law is not enforced. It is widely believed that pornography is exploitation of the human body and it shows the human body as an object. The Catholic Church teaches that "the human body should be respected, because of the dignity that Christ bestows on every person". Despite this, punishments against the posession, production and use of pornography are not enforced. |
Soma would then rub her exposed stomach.
Soma: I’m hungry, let us finds somewhere to eat and we’ll come back soon.
She said in her soft voice, her brown hair fluttering in the wind.
Why does everyone hate grape soda :(
«12. . .86,36186,36286,36386,36486,36586,36686,367. . .92,18192,182»
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