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DispatchAccountMilitary

by The Czaslyudian Federal Republic of Cossack Peoples. . 104 reads.

Air Defense Systems of the Czaslyudian Military

[box][center][b]This Dispatch Covers Multiple Topics.[/b]
[url=#Pik]For "[i]Piket[/i]" 5P091[/url]
[url=#Urs]For "[i]Urs Negru[/i]" 5P103[/url]
[url=#Mas]For "Maslowski" 5P149[/url]
[url=#Rtf]For RtfPR-400[/url]
[url=#Bez]For "[i]Bezpeka[/i]-1"[/url][/center][/box]
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[color=#DF0000].[/color][/background-block][hr]
[size=200][b][anchor=Pik]"Piket" 5P091 Counter Rockets, Artillery, and Mortar System[/anchor][/b][/size] [hr] [floatleft][box][list][*][url=#Int0]Introduction[/url] [*][url=#His0]History[/url] [*][url=#Des0]Design[/url][/list][/box][/floatleft] [sidebar][center][b]"Piket" 5P091[/b]
[img]https://i.ibb.co/2yPKdLY/image.png[/img][/center]
Type: C-RAM
Origin: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Used by: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Designer: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]
Produced: 2021-present
Unit cost: [b]B[/b] 15.2 million
[hr]
[center]Specifications[/center]
Mass: ~19 tons
Crew: 3
Range: 2.6-3.4 kilometers[/sidebar]
[anchor=Int0]The[/anchor] [u]"[i]Piket[/i]" 5P091[/u] is a semi-mobile [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_rocket,_artillery,_and_mortar]counter rocket, artillery, and mortar[/url] system in service with the Czaslyudian military, produced and designed by [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url], a Czaslyudian arms company. The [u]"[i]Piket[/i]"[/u] is meant to address the security of Czaslyudian military installations, particularly those under threat of asymmetrical attack which higher-level air defense systems are ill-equipped to face. It entered service alongside the [url=#Mas]"Maslowski" 5P149[/url] air defense system, intended to be similarly be networked via the [u]Common Air Defense Networking Band[/u] into a cohesive, aware unit. However, the [u]5P091[/u] is more than capable of operating on its own, equipped with its own radar and command systems. 

[anchor=His0][size=150][u]History[/u][/size][/anchor]
The Czaslyudian war ethos, for most of its history, relied on mobility. This allowed the Czaslyudians to not have a need to invest in defense technologies until the present day, when the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]'s borders are fixed and its military operates several overseas bases. 

Irregular operations observed in the [url=https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=497190]Trenakan Colonial Insurgency[/url] made it apparent that even short-ranged surface to air missile systems[sup][supplied by whom?][/sup] were not comprehensive enough to counteract the threats faced. This led the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1306199]Department of War[/url] leading the charge for a weapons system capable of stopping incoming unguided projectiles at a reasonable price-per-kill. 

Though inroads into directed energy weapons had certainly been made beforehand, the technology was still nascent and any use of DEW's at the scale required was infeasible. Therefore, the choice was made to use the turret of the [url=#Urs]5P103[/url] (like it had been done in its naval variant) as a basis for the system. It discarded the use of short-range missiles and focused primarily upon its autocannons, significantly modifying them and the fire control system. 

[anchor=Des0][size=150][u]Design[/u][/size][/anchor]
The [u]"[i]Piket[/i]" 5P091[/u] is fairly mobile, with its multifunction radar mounted on a trailer, its command unit in a truck, and its turret modules either mounted on a truck bed or towed via trailer. The system can achieve readiness within 8 minutes, and using the [u]Common Air Defense Networking Band[/u] can immediately become aware of its surroundings as part of an area defense role, instead of its intended point defense role. A typical [u]5P091[/u] system usually involves:
[list][*]1-2 x [url=#Ost][i]Ostrozʹkyy[/i] multifunction radars[/url] [*]1 x [url=#Ray][i]Rayonnyy[/i] command system[/url] (mounted on an [u]Makovsky WC-250[/u] truck or [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1429660]Type 342[/url]) [*]3-4 x [url=#Sut][i]Sutychka[/i] turrets[/url][/list]

[anchor=Ost]The [u][i]Ostroz'kyy[/i]-938[/u][/anchor] multifunction radar is an [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array]active phased array[/url] operating in the K[sub]u[/sub] through X-bands (10-14 GHz) that serves as the air search and fire control radar of the [u]5P091[/u]. The system makes routine sweeps of the skies, providing 360[sup]o[/sup] of coverage. The radar has very high resolution, providing excellent coordination to the autocannons and allowing them to accurately deal with inbound threats, saving time and ammunition. The [u][i]Ostroz'kyy[/i]-938[/u] is capable of "track-while-scan" operations, allowing it to simultaneously engage multiple targets and search for new ones. The radar can track up to 80 targets. 

[anchor=Ray]The [u][i]Rayonnyy[/i]-682[/u][/anchor] is the smaller counterpart to the [url=#ROP]ROPM-10 BMS[/url], serving as the command vehicle and additional tow vehicle. 

[anchor=Sut]The [u][i]Sutychka[/i][/u] [/anchor]is the modification of the of [u]5P103[/u] turret used by the [u]"[i]Piket[/i]"[/u] system. As opposed to the other land-based variant, the [u][i]Sutychka[/i][/u] negates the use of missiles and the radar equipment used to guide them; however, it retains the two [u]VKP-1059 [i]Erivorsh[/i][/u] and the electro-optical sighting system (as a backup to the fire-control radar). However, the [u][i]Sutychka[/i][/u] uses a specialized ammunition system which required the reworking of the gun. This system allows for the use of [u]ZSZD-9542[/u] rounds. These rounds are specialized for anti-aircraft and anti-munition usage, containing a time fuze and over 450 beryllium-tungsten pieces per 30mm round in order to tear the target to pieces. At the end of each barrel, a software reads the velocity of the exiting round, and using information gathered by the radar, sets the fuze of the round to detonate at the optimal distance from the target. This allows the modified [u][i]Erivorsh[/i][/u] autocannons to project clouds of fragmentation on target, disabling incoming projectiles with ease. This setup also allows for minimal collateral damage as the round disposes of itself. The [u][i]Sutychka[/i][/u] has an effective firing range of 2.6-3.4 kilometers, and is capable of turning on target at a rate of 80[sup]o[/sup]/ second.   

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[color=#084ad8].[/color][/background-block][hr]

[size=200][b][anchor=Urs]"Urs Negru" 5P103 Anti-Aircraft System[/anchor][/b][/size] [hr] [floatleft][box][list][*][url=#Int1]Introduction[/url] [*][url=#His1]History[/url] [*][url=#Des1]Design[/url][/box][/floatleft] [sidebar][center][b]"Urs Negru" 5P103[/b][/center]
[img]https://i.ibb.co/6Xxx308/image.png[/img]
Type: Tracked Short Range Air Defense
Origin: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Used by: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCPAD[/url]
Designer: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]
[table=plain][tr][td]Produced:[/td][td] 2005-2009 (5P103-A)
2009-2011 (5P103-B)
2011-2020 (5P103-C)
2021-present (5P103-D)[/td][/tr][/table]
Unit Cost: [b]B[/b] 17.33 million
[hr]
[center]Specifications[/center]
Mass: 26.34 tons
Crew: 3
Range Ceiling: 10 km ([url=#Kly][u][i]Klyuvka[/i]-1250[/u][/url]) /  2 km ([url=#Eri][u]VKP-1059[/u][/url])
Range: 15 km ([url=#Kly][u][i]Klyuvka[/i]-1250[/u][/url]) / 4.2 km ([url=#Eri][u]VKP-1059[/u][/url])
[/sidebar]
The [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]" 5P103[/u] is an all-weather, short-range, low-altitude, self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon used by the armed forces of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]Federal Republic[/url] and designed and produced by [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url], a Czaslyudian arms company. The [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]"[/u], as part of the changes that came with the [u]Air Defense Acquisition and Revitalization Program (ADARP)[/u], was refocused in 2021 into a far more mobile, shorter-ranged system in order to provide day and night protection against various aircraft and guided munition threats that an army on the march would face. 

The system is praised for its high kill probability per missile and the utility of its dual-weapon method of disposing of threats; the former is largely due to the shorter range of the missile giving less time for an aircraft to evade, while the latter gains praise for having economical autocannons alongside its missiles for slow-flying aircraft at distance or as a last-ditch interception attempt. 

The [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]" 5P103[/u], as opposed to its larger and longer-reached cousins, is geared toward being a purely defensive weapon, being more capable of engaging incoming munitions and direct threats to its escorts than shooting down the faraway aggressor itself. As such, this air defense system is referred to as "an air defense system for your air defense system", as it is also typically deployed along larger, less flexible air defense systems (see [url=#Mas][u]"Maslowski" 5P149[/u][/url], [url=#Rtf][u]RtfPR-400[/u][/url]). 
  
[anchor=His1][size=150][u]History[/u][/size][/anchor]
As part of the bloated military budget that characterized Principle Chairman Vadimir Bezukhov's early administration, the [u]5P103[/u] system came into being with the intent of being a more advanced contemporary of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360#Defence]5P89[/url] and [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360#Defence]5P81[/url] systems, although in early performance its more recent design was moot due to inherent design flaws like the dispersal of its equipment across several platforms, hindering its mobility and increasing its maintenance and complexity. 

The first major use of the [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]"[/u] system was in 2006 during the [u]East Czaslyudian Secessionist Incident[/u], where its role in prohibiting air travel from nearby rebel-held airports and engaging civilian drones presumably used by the secessionists. However, its bulkiness (with a separate fire control radar on another vehicle with limited view) did slow their readiness and engagement speed.  

During the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1342645]South Seas War[/url], the [u]5P103[/u] was deployed to defend key areas, such as Korf, New Krasnoyarsk, and military bases abroad. After the seizure of [u][i]Omega Basis[/i][/u], [u]5P103[/u] units were moved in to replace the depleted [u]5P81[/u] and [u]5P89[/u] systems, where they saw no combat. 

[anchor=Des1][size=150][u]Design[/u][/size][/anchor]
A battery consists of two [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]"[/u] vehicles, although each unit is certainly capable of operating independently. The chassis of the [u]5P103-A[/u] model is based on a wheeled [u]Kartoplya[/u] (Retrospectively classified as Type 184) armored vehicle hull, though more recent versions such as the [u]5P103-D[/u] operate on the tracked and amphibious [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1426113]Type 319[/url] infantry fighting vehicle chassis. In either case, the system is self-propelled and consolidated into one vehicle, acting as the transporter, erector, launcher, command, and guidance platform. The system needs three operators for maximum efficiency, although the equipment is capable of being operated, however poorly, by a single operator. The given reaction time for the system against 'surprise' threats (those detected and engaged utilizing its own sensors without any forewarning from allies) is 5-8 seconds. 

The [u]5P103[/u] is equipped with the [u]Common Air Defense Networking Band[/u], a data link which allows the functions of other air defense systems, from large-scale radars to SAM positions, to be complementary. This way, the [u]5P103[/u] can participate in a potentially nation-wide integrated air defense network, providing a crucial short-range utility to larger air defense systems. As well as that, the [u]5P103-D[/u], based upon a [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1426113]Type 319[/url], provides its crew with full CBRN protection. 
[floatleft][sidebar][img]https://i.ibb.co/x6xMQyV/image.png[/img]
[center]5P103-C Model[/center][/sidebar][/floatleft]
The armament of the [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]" (5P103-D)[/u] consists of two [url=#Eri][u]VKP-1059 [i]Erivorsh[/i][/u][/url] 30mm autocannons and twelve missile tubes armed with [url=#Kly][u][i]Klyuvka[/i]-1250[/u][/url] surface-to-air missiles. It features a digitalized fire control system to engage targets. 

The guns of the [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]"[/u], the dual [anchor=Eri][u]VKP-1059 [i]Erivorsh[/i][/u][/anchor] 30mm autocannons, provide the air defense system with a kill probability of 0.8 at acceptable ranges. The autocannon, a successor to the aging [u]DKh-63[/u] 20mm autocannon, is capable of firing up to 2,300 rounds per minute per gun for a combined rate of fire of 4,600 rounds per minute. Firing typically in bursts of 60 to 150 rounds, the [u]VKP-1059[/u] can utilize 600 rounds of high-explosive-incendiary rounds for each gun at engagement distances from 0.3 to 4.2 kilometers. On the [u]5P103[/u] turret, the weapons are able to elevate from -11[sup]o[/sup] to 89[sup]o[/sup]. The [u]5P103[/u] can fire its guns while on the move, and automatically guides the aim of the weapons using either radar guidance from [url=#Shc][u][i]Shchyt[/i] PZR-1084[/u][/url] or visual from [url=#Shp][u][i]Shpyhun[/i] SVK-1127[/u][/url]. 

[anchor=Kly]The [u][i]Klyuvka[/i]-1250[/u][/anchor] is a solid-fuel, two-stage surface-to-air missile, a cousin of the [u][i]Dz'ob[/i]-1252[/u] missile used on naval point defense batteries. The missile uses a first stage which accelerates to 1,200 m/s (Mach 3.5) and a secondary sustainer stage to guide the weapon to its target. Unlike its naval variant, however, the missile is slower and uses radio/optical command guidance from either the [url=#Shc][u][i]Shchyt[/i] PZR-1084[/u][/url] or [url=#Shp][u][i]Shpyhun[/i] SVK-1127[/u][/url] systems. The missile has a similar range of 15 kilometers with a 10,000 meter ceiling, and utilizes a radio-fuze operated 20 kilogram continuous rod warhead. When on the move, the [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]"[/u] can stop briefly while tracking a target to fire its missile payload.

[anchor=Shc]The [u][i]Shchyt[/i] PZR-1084[/u][/anchor] is a passive electronically scanned array (PESA) used to guide the weapon systems of the [u]"[i]Urs Negru[/i]" 5P103[/u]. Operating on the C-band, the radar permits long-range tracking of targets with high accuracy, which is advantageous when relating to air defense. As it is a passive array, with only one transmitter and low sidelobe, it is less susceptible to signal detection while remaining just as effective. The [u][i]Shchyt[/i][/u] allows for the tracking of targets at ranges up to 22 kilometers away. The [u]PZR-1084[/u] can track and engage three targets at once, and to complicate ECM, can also simultaneously guide the missiles on different frequencies.

[anchor=Shp]The [u][i]Shpyhun[/i] SVK-1127[/u][/anchor] is a electro-optical tracking system used to complement the [u]PZR-1084[/u] radar in the acquisition and engagement of targets. The [u]SVK-1127[/u] allows the guns and missiles to be guided to their targets within visual range completely passively, giving the target no indication of their engagement prior to identification of the missile. In case of miscommunication or human error, the [u][i]Shpyhun[/i][/u] is also linked with an IFF system to discern friendly targets from possible hostiles. The electro-optical system is able to track and engage two targets simultaneously.

[anchor=Nav]The [u][i]Navidnyk[/i] RPA-1103[/u][/anchor] is a dual-band 3D Air Search Radar which, atop its rotating mount on the turret, provides 360[sup]o[/sup] of long-range target tracking. The radar operates in the L- and S-bands, which gives it excellent long-range surveillance capabilities. The [u][i]Navidnyk[/i][/u] is capable of tracking up to 54 targets at ranges no greater than 28 kilometers away.

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[color=#084ad8].[/color][/background-block][hr]
[size=200][b][anchor=Mas]"Maslowski" 5P149 Air Defense System[/anchor][/b][/size] [hr] [floatleft][box][list][*][url=#Int2]Introduction[/url] [*][url=#His2]History[/url] [*][url=#Des2]Design[/url][/box][/floatleft] [sidebar][center][b]"Maslowski" 5P149[/b][/center] 
[img]https://i.ibb.co/2vtvCZC/image.png[/img]
Type: Short and medium range air defense system
Origin: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Used by: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCPAD[/url]
Designer: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]
Produced: 2021-present
Unit Cost: [b]B[/b] 27.54 million 
[hr]
[center]Specifications[/center]
(Total) Mass: ~51 tons
Crew: 4 to operate, more to manuever
Flight Ceiling: 30 km ([url=#Yas][i]Yastrub[/i][/url])
Maximum Depth: 180 km ([url=#Yas][i]Yastrub[/i][/url]) / 19 km ([url=#Vel]"Veles"[/url]) 
[/sidebar]
The [u]"Maslowski" 5P149[/u] is an all-weather, networked and distributed air defense system with short-to-medium range capabilities. Originally developed as the [u]Type 339[/u] under [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]'s vehicle registry, the [u]"Maslowski"[/u] is the first land-based application of both the [u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u] naval surface-to-air missile and [u]"Veles" KPD-44[/u] short-range air-to-air missile, as well as the first surface-to-air system designed under that registry. 

As part of the [u]Air Defense Acquisition and Revitalization Program (ADARP)[/u], the [u]5P149[/u] provides a crucial role on land for protecting locations of importance and warding off aircraft and cruise missiles at range from [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360]Czaslyudian Army[/url] formations. The [u]"Maslowski"[/u] is designed to defend against supersonic aircraft, helicopters, unmanned vehicles, cruise missiles, and precision-guided munitions (PGMs). 

[hr]

[anchor=His2][size=150][u]History[/u][/size][/anchor]
The closure of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1342645]South Seas War[/url] brought about one final conclusion regarding the control of the skies of a battlespace; that if air superiority with aircraft could not be achieved, then air denial must be at least reached. During the war, this was the case as the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360]Czaslyudian Air Force[/url] failed to successfully intercept enemy fighter aircraft, so the exposed advances of military units relied upon the scattered organic formations of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360#Defence]Czaslyudian Air Defense[/url] for defense against aerial threats. 

However, the state of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360#Defence]Czaslyudian Air Defense[/url] was woeful. Many of the air defense systems were under repair during the war, and with the disparate (and in some cases, heavily outdated) array of equipment in service, it was clear to the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples/detail=factbook/id=1306199]Department of War[/url] that the service life of these systems was long expired. 

After the [url=]Second Czaslyudian Civil War[/url], [url=]Operation Plan Whetstone[/url] established several objectives on the standards of the military and its functions. Part of this was the [u]Air Defense Acquisition and Revitalization Program (ADARP)[/u], which officially retired many air defense systems (such as the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1318360#Defence]5P89, 5P81[/url]), issued much-needed upgrades on remaining equipment, and requisitioned newer equipment to fill in the gaps.

The [u]"Maslowski" 5P149[/u] came as part of that program, and filled a gap for a medium-range air defense system left open for far too long. 

In 2023, the [u]5P149[/u]'s capabilities were reexamined in light of threats posed by modern SEAD operations as well as emerging counter-air defense technologies, such as the widespread proliferation of UAVs. Deputy Chairman of the Department of War Sydir Vovk stated that "the FRCP will not be left behind in the rapidly advancing combat environment. Just as our tactics should turn on a dime, our equipment should adapt as well." The new plans for a [u]5P149[/u] battery configuration conceptually allows for directed energy weapons and lighter, higher-frequency radar systems but practically changes only the numbers of batteries and welcomes a new low-cost effector to increase the overall volume of fire and survivability against massed saturation attacks. It is said that the Department of War is interested in mostly supplanting the longer-ranged [url=#Rtf]RtfPR-400[/url] systems with lower-footprint and more numerous and upgraded [u]5P149[/u] batteries.

[anchor=Des2][size=150][u]Design[/u][/size][/anchor]
The [u]5P149[/u] integrates the [u][i]Reyndzher[/i] PER-977[/u] Detection and Tracking Radar, [u][i]Oko[/i] POA-1000[/u] Passive Air Surveillance System, and [u][i]Yanychar[/i] TM-1049[/u] Fire Control System in order to provide surveillance of the airspace by either active or passive means, as well as the tracking and engagement of targets. The [u]"Maslowski"[/u] also utilizes the [u]ROPM-10 Battle Management System[/u], which helps coordinate the various appendages incorporated into the system. 

Most of the system is mobile via trailer or based upon an existing truck or armored vehicle chassis (most importantly, the radar sections). This way, the system remains fairly mobile and can keep pace with mobile formations while remaining fairly cheap. The entire system is deployable from road configuration within five minutes. In addition, the command vehicle ([url=#ROP][u]ROPM-10 Battle Management System[/u][/url]), as well as some dedicated [u]WC-250[/u] 5-ton trucks, have CBRN protection to allow operation of the SAM position even in chemically, biologically, or radiologically hazardous circumstances.

The [i]Maslowski[/i] is organized at the battalion/plastun echelon, where the firing batteries are supplemented with a maintenance and transport menshyy plastun, a signals platoon, a technical battery with the battalion's air search radars and transloader vehicles, and a Close Air Defense Battery consisting of four [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1487726#Urs]5P103[/url] air defense systems. A [i]Maslowski[/i] regiment includes a two-radar section of [url=#Kor]KI-146[/url] long-range early warning radars, and three full battalions. 

A [u]"Maslowski" 5P149[/u] battery consists of: 
[list][*]5 x launch units, mounted on either [u]TMP-2249[/u] trailers or on the back of [u]BTZ-332[/u] 10-ton trucks. [list][*]6 [url=#Vel][u]"Veles" KPD-44[/u][/url], [b]AND/OR[/b] [*] 24 [url=#Vid][u][i]Vidpovid[/i] PHO-011[/u] [/url] [*]6 [url=#Yas][u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u][/url] [/list] [*]1 x [url=#Rey][u][i]Reyndzher[/i] PER-977[/u][/url] Air Search Radar, typically based in a similar trailer unit or on the bed of a [u]WC-250[/u] 5-ton truck (transferred to Battalion Technical Battery, not present in firing battery). [*]1 x [url=#Oko][u][i]Oko[/i] POA-1000[/u][/url] Passive Surveillance System, typically based in a similar trailer unit [*]1-2 x [url=#Yan][u][i]Yanychar[/i] TM-1049[/u][/url] Fire Control Radar based in the bed of a [u]Makovsky WC-250[/u] 5-ton truck [*]1 x [url=#ROP][u]ROPM-10 BMS[/u][/url], most often based in a [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1429660]Type 342[/url] armored personnel carrier [/list] 

[anchor=Vel]The [u]"Veles" KPD-44[/u][/anchor] is a short-range air-to-air missile repurposed for stationary platform launch. An advanced munition in a relatively compact frame, the [u]KPD-44[/u] uses an all-aspect 115x115 resolution electro-optical imaging infrared focal plane seeker to acquire targets before or after launch (Lock-On After Launch), which provides the missile high ECM resistance and longer range than other infrared missiles. Fired from a [u]WC-250[/u] or [u]TMP-2249[/u], the missile uses a dual-burn, high impulse solid rocket motor to reach speeds greater than Mach 3 for ranges up to 29 kilometers (range dependent on head-on engagement or not) in all weather conditions. The detonation mechanism is a laser proximity fuse, which when triggered detonates the 10-kilogram blast/fragmentation warhead. The [u]"Veles" KPD-44[/u] provides the [u]"Maslowski"[/u] with a shorter-range, fire-and-forget munition for self-defense or target engagement while minimizing emissions. 

[anchor=Vid]The [u][i]Vidpovid[/i] PHO-011[/u][/anchor] is a short-range compact air-to-air missile developed for rapid response against low-flying, rapidly approaching aircraft and missiles that pose a threat to the SAM battery's equipment. Approximately 60 kilograms in mass and 200mm in diameter (wings folded), the missile is able to be quad-packed into the launch canisters of the [u]5P149[/u] system, greatly enhancing the endurance of the missile battery against missile attack while also providing low-cost effectors to deal with pop-up threats like man-portable UAV systems. The missile with its solid fuel rocket burns the missile into supersonic speeds of Mach 1.5 within instants; after which the missile engages with its photocontrast/IR seeker, assisted by automatic command to line-of-sight (ACLOS). In this way, there is no active emissions to alert an aircraft that they are being locked on, while providing ECM-resistant and multispectral target acquisition and tracking through datalink between the missile/launch platform and the [u]POA-1000[/u] passive surveillance system. The [u]PHO-011[/u]-[u]POA-1000[/u] coordination is the closest to an autonomous lethal weapon system the Czaslyudian Land Forces has pursued. After travelling up to 11 kilometers or upon triggering its radio proximity fuze, the missile detonates its 8-kilogram blast-fragmentation warhead, which disperses a cone of lethal fragmentation to neutralize incoming guided weapons, aircraft, or unmanned platforms.

[anchor=Yas]The [u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u][/anchor] is a medium-range surface-to-air missile system. It came as part of the [u]ADARP[/u] (Air Defense Acquisition and Revitalization Program) series of air defense reforms and includes a mobile land-based variant as well as a sea variant. It is designed to counter cruise missiles, smart bombs, fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, and unmanned air vehicles. Paired with the [u][i]Reyndzher[/i] PER-977[/u] and [u][i]Yanychar[/i] TM-1049[/u] radars, the missile can engage targets of radar cross sections as low as 0.05 square meters at ranges up to 180 kilometers (in head-on engagements). The missile has a two-mode solid-fuel rocket engine that allows it to accelerate up to Mach 5.3 with a total burn time of eighteen seconds. A variation of the naval [u]PHO-953[/u], the land-based SAM's guidance consists of being designated a target and then utilizing active radar homing via AESA to engage that target. Upon the target triggering the radio proximity fuze, the 60-kilogram blast fragmentation warhead detonates, scattering nearly 7,000 pieces of fragmentation in prearranged patterns to damage or destroy aircraft or munitions.

[anchor=Rey]The [u][i]Reyndzher[/i] PER-977[/u][/anchor] is an L-band active electronically scanned array radar used as a long-range search-and-track radar. Trailer- or truck-bound, the radar can track fighter-sized targets at 190-220 kilometers away, and provides a 32[sup]o[/sup] vertical sector view and, upon its rotating mount, 360[sup]o[/sup] of horizontal coverage. The system can track up to 48 targets simultaneously.

[anchor=Oko]The [u][i]Oko[/i] POA-1000[/u][/anchor] is a passive surveillance system, consisting of a trailer-drawn unit utilizing a thermographic camera with 360[sup]o[/sup] coverage and a laser rangefinder in order to passively identify and even acquire targets. The [u][i]Oko[/i][/u] is able to cue short-range [u]"Veles" KPD-44[/u] missiles while the [u]"Maslowski"[/u] system minimizes its radio and radar emissions, seriously hampering SEAD attempts. Also, in the event of the tracking or fire control radars being jammed, the [u][i]Oko[/i][/u] can act as a rangefinder immune to the jamming effects, thus neutralizing the effect of the radar jamming. Later versions of the [u]POA-1000[/u] enhance the software package to allow the laser rangefinder to act as a designator 

[anchor=Yan]The [u][i]Yanychar[/i] TM-1049[/u][/anchor] is a X-band fire control radar utilizing Interrupted Continuous Wave Illumination in order to track and engage several targets simultaneously. Because of its capabilities as a AESA, the [u][i]Yanychar[/i][/u] possesses a low sidelobe and is thus resistant to primitive anti-radiation missiles. The [u][i]Yanychar[/i] TM-1049[/u] is used to guide the variant [u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u], the main weapon of the system. Two fire control radars are provided for each battery to enable a wider radius covered, as the radar system is limited in coverage.

[anchor=ROP]The [u]ROPM-10 Battle Management System[/u][/anchor], based in a [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1429660][u]Type 342 "Mazepa"[/u][/url] armored personnel carrier, houses the command and coordination functions of the SAM battery. The system, through data links, allows for the individual pieces of equipment to be operated from up to 10 kilometers away from the command station, as well as allowing interoperability with other SAM systems, AEW aircraft, and fixed radar stations (OTH radars). This allows the components of the [u]"Maslowski"[/u] to operate in a dispersed manner, increasing the security of its operators and of the equipment itself. Another benefit is that by linking with AEW, other SAM radars, or even Over-The-Horizon radar installations, it effectively becomes a [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistatic_radar#:~:text=A%20multistatic%20radar%20system%20contains,take%20place%20between%20component%20parts.]multistatic radar[/url] network which enables the SAM battery, through data fusion, to either serve a part in or actively participate in the engagement of stealth aircraft, whose stealth shaping is overcome by the different angles and degrees of which radar signals reflect off of it (and from which radar tracking can be established). The [u]ROPM-10 "Master" BMS[/u] is the battalion-level equivalent, built upon a 10-ton wheeled BTZ-332 chassis. 

The [u]"Maslowski" 5P149[/u], when prepared, is able to respond to aerial threats in 6-10 seconds.  

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[size=200][b][anchor=Rtf]RtfPR-400 Missile System[/anchor][/b][/size] [hr] [floatleft][box][list][*][url=#Int3]Introduction[/url] [*][url=#His3]History[/url] [*][url=#Des3]Design[/url][/box][/floatleft] [sidebar][center][b]RtfPR-400[/b][/center]
[img]https://i.ibb.co/rHcL1XL/image.png[/img]
Type: Mobile Long Range Surface-to-air/Anti-ballistic Missile System
Origin: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Used by: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Designer: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]
Produced: 1993-present
Unit Cost: [b]B[/b] 700 million
[hr]
[center]Specifications[/center]
[table=plain][tr][td]Flight Ceiling:[/td][td]180-200 km ([url=#Zve]DRPP-933[/url])
35 km ([url=#Ipa]DRPP-19[/url])
30 km ([url=#Yas]PHO-953[/url])
13 km ([url=#Pol]PHO-437[/url])[/td][/tr]
[tr][td]Range:[/td][td]496 km ([url=#Ipa]DRPP-19[/url])
240 km ([url=#Zve]DRPP-933[/url])
180 km ([url=#Yas]PHO-953[/url])
39 km ([url=#Pol]PHO-437[/url]) [/td][/tr][/table][/sidebar]
The [u]RtfPR-400[/u] is a series of long-range, mobile surface-to-air missile systems produced by [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url], a Czaslyudian arms company. Initially designed as a purely ballistic missile defense system, the system grew to incorporate various types of interchangeable radars, launchers, and munitions to color itself into a cornerstone of Czaslyudian air defenses. 

 As part of the [u]ADARP[/u] (Air Defense Acquisition and Revitalization Program), the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] was updated to include interoperability capabilities with other systems, as to promote an integrated air defense network. With this, it also allows the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] to operate launchers and munitions from other systems, assimilating the different levels of air defense into under one battery. 

The [u]RtfPR-400[/u] forms an important part of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]'s ballistic missile defense, with itself and its naval variant (see [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1450119#Pod][i]Podorozh[/i]-400[/url]) acting as the final ring of defense against incoming ballistic threats. 

[anchor=His3][size=150][u]History[/u][/size][/anchor] 
The first nuclear weapons test in the predecessor state of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url] was in 1974; since then, the [u]Commonwealth[/u] and its successor have been embroiled in nuclear politics. New forms of nuclear delivery led to new forms of defense, and the widespread introduction of the anti-ballistic missile was the catalyst for the enactment of the [u]Ballistic Defense and Security Motion[/u] (BDSM) by the legislators of the [u]Commonwealth[/u], which was taken up by the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url] proper. The first units were churned out in late 1993. 

In the late autumn of 2019, several [u]RtfPR-400[/u] batteries were placed on high alert in strategic positions, aided by [url=#Urs]5P103[/url] systems.  

[anchor=Des3][size=150][u]Design[/u][/size][/anchor]
The [u]RtfPR-400[/u] is made up of a variety of radars, launchers, and munitions to provide a wide scope of air defense. Most of its systems, including launcher platforms, are based upon the tracked [u]Makovsky IV-848[/u] transporters which grant it good off-road capabilities. The launch platform, designated the [u]IV-853[/u], acts as a TELAR (Transporter Erector Launcher And Radar) and during a launch process will hoist the missile tubes completely vertically, allowing for omnidirectional engagement. 

The air defense system includes several advanced survivability measures, such as frequency-hopping on all active radars and the inclusion of a passive radar module to resist jamming. In addition, many of the munitions unique to the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] have resistance to radar jamming by their wide bandwidths and frequency hopping. In the most physical sense, the system can also have its observability reduced by the application of the [u]Ustinov Pattern[/u] netting common on the newer ground vehicles of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url], as well as lower the vehicles into the ground (i.e. a trench) to reduce their profile. Inflatable decoys are also typically available to a battery, mimicking the shape of a combat-ready [u]IV-853[/u] launcher vehicle. [sidebar][center][img]https://i.ibb.co/FJxw1Mx/image.png[/img]WW-127 fire control radar[/center][/sidebar]

The [u]RtfPR-400[/u] can be combat-ready from a mobile state in less than thirty minutes, and is designed to defend against normal aircraft, aerodynamic (hypersonic) and ballistic targets, and cruise missiles. A fully-equipped battery can track 48 targets and engage up to 7 targets at a time as well as detect and track up to 95 targets at range. 

A battery of the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] system typically involves: [sidebar][center][img]https://i.ibb.co/tCg6P0f/image.png[/img]
[i]Velyke Vukho[/i] Passive Surveillance System[/center][/sidebar]
[list][*]6-10 x [u][url=#IV8]IV-853[/url][/u] launchers [list][*]5 [u]MO-97[/u], each with:  [list][*]4 x [url=#Pol][u]"Polevoy" PHO-437[/u][/url] [b]OR[/b] [*]3 x [url=#Yas][u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u][/url] [b]OR[/b]   [*]1 x [url=#Ipa][u]"Ipabog" DRPP-19[/u][/url] [/list][*] [b]OR[/b] 2 [u]MO-32[/u], each with: [list] [*]1 x [url=#Zve][u]"Zvezda" DRPP-933[/u][/url][/list][/list]
[*]4-6 x [url=#Moz][u][i]Mozhlyvistʹ[/i] WW-127[/u][/url] fire control radars
[*]1 x [url=#Vely][u][i]Velyke Vukho[/i] AT-130[/u][/url] Passive Surveillance System (3 vehicles, minimum)
[*]2 x [url=#Poy][u][i]Poyas[/i] VI-144[/u][/url] All-Altitude Sector Tracking Radar
[*]1 x [url=#Kor][u][i]Korolivsʹkyy[/i] KI-146[/u][/url] Long Range Air Search Radar
[*]1 x [url=#Zol][u][i]Zolotyy[/i] MA-259[/u][/url] Anti-Ballistic Missile Radar
[*]1 x [u]IV-848[/u] Generator vehicle
[*]1 x [url=#ROP]ROPM-10[/url] Command/Battle Management Unit, typically mounted in a [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1429660]Type 342[/url] APC
[*]1 x [u]IV-848[/u] Communications Platform
[*]1-2 x Site Survey Vehicles, typically LAZP-53 mobility vehicles 
[*]4-7 x reload vehicles, each with crane for rearming launcher systems and interior stores for munition storage. Based off of [u]IV-848[/u] transport vehicle.
[/list]


[anchor=IV8]The [u]IV-853[/u][/anchor] is a modular launcher and guidance vehicle that can launch under the guidance of the battery's radars as well as perform autonomous active and passive engagement at shorter ranges using its own systems; however, not all launch vehicles include the [u]HA-901[/u] sensor mast. The [u]HA-901[/u] is a mast-mounted C-band Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) radar, which also includes a passive thermographic sensor and a laser rangefinder; when not needed, such as when relying on a larger radar system, the [u]HA-901[/u] is typically turned off. The launch vehicle, based on the [u]IV-848[/u] tracked transport vehicle, has a diesel engine of 513 horsepower, capable of moving the vehicle at speeds up to 75 km/h on-road for up to 650 kilometers when loaded. The launch vehicle's loads typically consist of up to five [u]MO-97[/u] launch tubes which each can carry up to 3 [url=#Yas][u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u][/url], four [url=#Pol][u]"Polevoy" PHO-437[/u][/url], or a single [url=#Ipa][u]"Ipabog" DRPP-19[/u][/url]. The launch unit can also maintain two [u]MO-32[/u] launch tubes, each capable of carrying one [url=#Zve][u]"Zvezda" DRPP-933[/u][/url] anti-ballistic missile.

[anchor=Moz]The [u][i]Mozhlyvist'[/i] WW-127[/u][/anchor] is an electronically steered phased array operated in the X-band that is utilized by the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] system as the primary fire control radar. The large size of the system, taking up the entirety of the back of a [u]IV-848[/u] transporter, allows the radar to have a significant range of 200 kilometers against targets of 1 m[sup]2[/sup] and 390 kilometers of targets of 4 m[sup]2[/sup]. The system can track and engage up to 8 targets. The system is powered by an equipped generator separate from the vehicle's diesel engine.  The radar possesses a low sidelobe, allowing it resistance against anti-radiation missiles (ARM), and has a fairly wide bandwidth to allow for automatic frequency hopping to counteract jamming techniques. When not in use, it is typically kept in a passive mode to avoid being detected by enemy signals intelligence.

[anchor=Vely]The [u][i]Velyke Vukho[/i] AT-130[/u][/anchor] is a completely passive radar system based in several [u]Makosvsky WC-250[/u] 5-ton trucks. Although by technical definition it is an electronic support measures (ESM) system, it is intended to operate alongside radar systems to illuminate targets. The system consists of several receivers that are typically dispersed several kilometers apart in order to receive and triangulate the position of signals: these may include radio signals, electromagnetic radiation, and radar reflections or scatter from stealth aircraft. The [u][i]Velyke Vukho[/i][/u] functions by having each receiver plot an aircraft's reflected or transmitted signal on a purely one-dimensional space; the first receiver effectively plots its bearing, the second its distance (thereby finding its exact location, but not its height), and the final one plots the signal in order to ascertain the target's altitude. The system has an effective range of 400 kilometers, though it can reach up to 700 kilometers under unusual situations (such as the system being mounted impractically high, such as on a mountain), but otherwise it is usually confined by line-of-sight unless there is an unusually strong transmitter. The [u][i]Velyke Vukho[/i][/u] can work in conjunction with OTH radars and even space-based radar systems to detect and track stealth aircraft.  

[anchor=Poy]The [u][i]Poyas[/i] VI-144[/u][/anchor] is an S-band AESA sector tracking radar designed with jamming resistant features such as automatic frequency hopping and based upon an [u]IV-848[/u] transporter. Using Interrupted Continuous Wave Illumination, the [u]VI-144[/u] can track up to 100 targets in a 60[sup]o[/sup] area. The range of the system is approximately 330 kilometers. The [u][i]Poyas[/i][/u] is capable of designating targets for [u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u] missiles. When not in combat operations, it is usually kept on a passive mode to avoid giving away its location on the back of a [u]IV-848[/u] transporter.

[floatleft][sidebar][center][img]https://i.ibb.co/mtHN9s3/image.png[/img]
KI-146 Air Search Radar[/center] [/sidebar][/floatleft][anchor=Kor]The [u][i]Korolivs'kyy[/i] KI-146[/u][/anchor] is a long-range, L-band air search radar utilized by the entire battery for early warning and long-distance target detection. Using its Continuous Wave radar, the system can track up to 95 fighter-sized targets at distances up to 500 kilometers away. The [u][i]Korolivs'kyy[/i][/u] uses automatic frequency hopping to resist jamming. The system can be used to give vague parameters (i.e. altitude, vector, range) for the long-ranged [url=#Ipa][u]"Ipabog" DRPP-19[/u][/url] to home in on. 

[anchor=Zol]The [u][i]Zolotyy[/i] MA-259[/u][/anchor] is the primary anti-ballistic missile radar of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]. The system is found along the entire length of an [u]WM-758[/u] trailer, which is towed by a [u]IV-848[/u] or [u]Makovsky WC-250[/u] vehicle. Using a digital antenna array, the X-band radar has a range of 1,300 kilometers capable of detecting, tracking, and engaging incoming ballistic targets. The X-band radar also has better target resolution than an L-band radar, so it is capable of differentiating warheads from countermeasures such as decoys and chaff. The mobile [u][i]Zolotyy[/i][/u] allows for the nuclear defenses of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url] to be extended in conjunction with the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1450119][u]Harsk[/u][/url]'s ballistic missile defense capabilities.

[anchor=Pol]The [u]"Polevoy" PHO-437[/u][/anchor] is a command-guided surface to air missile utilized by the [u]RtfPR-400[/u] as a short-range "self-defense" missile. The missile was designed to be cued and guided by the [u]HA-901[/u] sensor and radar mast, providing a munition for the TELAR's autonomous engagement. The missile, due to its short range of 39 kilometers (though through trajectory optimizations it can reach 67 kilometers) has a high kill probability of 0.8. The [u]PHO-437[/u] uses terminal imaging infrared guidance to intercept aircraft with its 100-kilogram continuous rod warhead. The missile can reach speeds up to Mach 5.6.

[anchor=Ipa]The [u]"Ipabog" DRPP-19[/u][/anchor] is a long-range surface-to-air missile utilized as the main anti-air missile alongside the [url=#Yas][u][i]Yastrub[/i] PHO-953[/u][/url]. The [u]"Ipabog"[/u] is meant to engage aircraft at long distances, particularly large aircraft like transports, airborne early-warning systems, and bombers though it has successfully engaged maneuverable fighter-sized targets before. The range of the missile is single-handedly the longest anti-air missile in the Czaslyudian arsenal at 496 kilometers at a maximum speed of Mach 3.9. The missile has a flight ceiling of 35 kilometers and a limited ability to intercept ballistic missiles. For guidance, the [u]"Ipabog"[/u] utilizes both semi-active radar homing and active radar guidance to initially accelerate to the altitude of the target before turning to active radar guidance, which is supplied by an active electronically scanned X-band radar. The radar is resistant to jamming and spoofing by directing a pencil beam onto the initially detected target (also supplied via the land-based guidance radars), using the Doppler Effect to distinguish chaff or other countermeasures from the target, and frequency hopping to avoid jamming.

[anchor=Zve]The [u]"Zvezda" DRPP-933[/u][/anchor] is an anti-ballistic and anti-satellite missile utilized by the [u]RtfPR-400[/u]. Capable of reaching up to low earth orbit with a ceiling of 180-200 kilometers; this gives the [u]"Zvezda"[/u] the ability to engage most ballistic missiles at the beginning of its terminal phase, as well as satellites and hypersonic glide vehicles that reach into the high altitude or LEO (Low-Earth-Orbit). Otherwise, in the atmosphere, it has a range of 240 kilometers using a single-stage, solid-fuel rocket. The maximum target velocity that can be successfully engaged by the [u]"Zvezda"[/u] is upwards of Mach 20, which is well equipped to deal with hypersonic vehicles and even reentering warheads from ICBMs. The missile itself is very large, only being able to be carried by the [u]MO-32[/u] launch system, but can accelerate to speeds up to Mach 9.3 at altitude. The missile is initially guided by a form of semi-active radar homing called Track-Via-Missile, which makes the missile detect the illumination of radar energy from the [url=#Zol][u][i]Zolotyy[/i] MA-259[/u][/url] and transmit that information back to a command station, where it will be guided to the target; this makes it difficult to jam because it is not the missile's systems generating the intercept. However, the data link that connects the missile to the ground station itself could be jammed; this is helped by including a second data link frequency to hop to, as well as a terminal imaging infrared seeker for target interception. The [u]"Zvezda"[/u] has no explosive warhead, being a hit-to-kill missile to avoid detonating nuclear warheads when intercepted.

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[color=#084ad8].[/color][/background-block][hr]
[size=200][b][anchor=Bez]Bezpeka-1 Anti-Ballistic Missile System[/anchor][/b][/size] [hr] [floatleft][box][list][*][url=#Int4]Introduction[/url] [*][url=#His4]History[/url] [*][url=#Des4]Design[/url][/box][/floatleft] [sidebar][center][b]Bezpeka-1[/b]
[img]https://i.ibb.co/6wYmntS/image.png[/img]
[/center]
Type: Anti-ballistic missile system
Origin: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Used by: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url]
Designer: [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1287820]WURCo.[/url]
Produced: 2006-present
[table=plain][tr][td]Unit Cost:[/td] [td][b]B[/b] 85 million ([url=#Che]SP-1370[/url]) 
[b]B[/b] 9.3 million ([url=#Leh]SP-1507[/url])[/td][/tr][/table]
[hr]
[center]Specifications[/center]
[table=plain][tr][td]Ranges:[/td][td]300-1000 km ([url=#Che]SP-1370[/url])
180-300 km ([url=#Leh]SP-1507[/url]) [/td][/tr][/table][/sidebar]
The [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] ("Security-1") is an anti-ballistic missile system in service with the [u]Czaslyudian Air Defense[/u], specifically, under the purview of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples/detail=factbook/id=1306199]Department of War[/url]'s [u]Strategic Center for Ballistic Missile Defense[/u] (SCBMD). Comprised of advanced missile systems linked with various early warning and engagement systems, the [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] represents the step above the [url=#Rtf]RtfPR-400[/url] in missile defense and a crucial stage in ballistic missile interception, designed to engage nuclear-tipped targets at extremely high altitudes. 

The [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] is assisted by the numerous early-warning and space surveillance systems of the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url], including the [u][i]Zvizdar[/i]-D[/u] ground-based early warning radars, the [u][i]Harsk[/i]-Class'[/u] [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1450119#Pid][i]Pidmitaty[/i]-112DF[/url] radar, and the space-based [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1593913#IZU]IZU-726[/url] launch detection and target tracking satellites.

The system is meant to be dispersed across the country, in such quantities to significantly reduce the risk of anything but a major barrage of nuclear warheads reaching populated areas, strategic sites, or the [url=https://nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP's[/url] own nuclear weapon sites. Though not meant to handle an entire nuclear exchange by itself without extreme expense taken, the system is meant to reduce an incoming exchange so that smaller, last-ditch systems such as those mounted in [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=dispatch/id=1487726#Zve]RtfPR-400[/url] batteries and their variants on naval vessels can eliminate the reduced threat.

[anchor=His4][size=150][u]History[/u][/size][/anchor]
The [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples]FRCP[/url] and its predecessors relied on the threat of nuclear exchange in order to deter strategic threats. But as ballistic missile defense systems picked up in complexity and sophistication and nuclear delivery systems became more difficult to anticipate, it was ultimately decided that the expense of developing a nuclear defense system would be worthwhile. While at first only appearing in small ways, such as the SAM system-mounted [url=#Ipa]DRPP-19[/url], officials pushed for their anti-ballistic missile systems to have more reach, and the [url=#Zve]DRPP-933[/url] followed. However, at higher altitudes when ballistic targets would inevitably be traveling faster and be harder to intercept, it became a much more difficult strategy to condone with hit accuracy decreasing and missile costs rising. 

Nevertheless, by the turn of the 21st century a program to address missile interception at high altitudes was given the go-ahead in the [url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=cossack_peoples/detail=factbook/id=1306199]Department of War[/url]. The system would integrate into existing early-warning and missile defense systems, layering upon the shorter-ranged interceptors and their radars as well. The system would need to have an interceptor with high-enough endurance and accuracy to engage ballistic missiles before they had a chance to deploy their [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle]MIRV[/url]'d warheads, approximately at their apogee. The program ran into several problems, including funding and technological barriers. 

However, by 2012 the first prototypes were ready. The missile system was separated into an exo-atmospheric interceptor and a high-atmospheric interceptor; the former focusing on destroying incoming ICBMs before they reenter the atmosphere and the latter on obliterating any incoming warheads within the atmosphere, including maneuvering hypersonic weapons. The missiles underwent frequent tests on target missiles simulating the trajectories and characteristics of ballistic missiles, receiving mixed success. The program underwent several more years of testing and refinement until entering service in 2018. 

[floatleft][sidebar][center][img]https://i.ibb.co/VNQ24hw/image.png[/img]
Missile testing in Chevray[/center][/sidebar][/floatleft][anchor=Des4][size=150][u]Design[/u][/size][/anchor]
The [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] system will be dispersed across the country in fortified silos and their accompanying subterranean command and electronics bunkers. This will better prepare them against conventional assailants in a conventional first strike, better protecting the country's strategic defense. Nearly 80 launch sites are planned across the country, aiming to provide universal coverage to every inch of Czaslyudian soil. 

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Zvizdar-D site north of Nova Basan[/center][/sidebar]The missile system is cued by early warning systems which help track the incoming targets and ready them for interception. Though there is no way to do this for the satellite systems, some silos are connected to early warning systems via underground fiber optic cables, preventing jamming of communications from isolating interceptors from the early-warning systems. Ground-based early warning systems include the [u][i]Zvizdar[/i]-D[/u] system, a phased array comprising the 150-200 megahertz band. The [u][i]Zvizdar[/i]-D[/u] has an approximate range of 7,000 kilometers and can simultaneously track up to 350 targets. The system has an azimuth of 240[sup]o[/sup], suiting it for monitoring vast stretches of the upper atmosphere. There are six such systems in existence. 

In addition to the early warning systems, the [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] makes use of the [u][i]Sova[/i] UB-1039[/u] radar. The radar is a concrete monolith that incorporates several phased array radars in the 2-3 gigahertz bands to provide accurate, 360[sup]o[/sup] coverage of the battlespace. While other major radar systems will provide the surveillance necessary to raise the alarm to an attack, the [u][i]Sova[/i] UB-1039[/u] will act as the lynchpin, using its higher frequency beams to track and coordinate anti-ballistic missile interceptors. The [u][i]Sova[/i][/u] radar station is located north of the [u]Zaporozhian Cordillera[/u], effectively in the dead center of the country.

Finally, the primary interceptors used by the [u][i]Bezpeka[/i]-1[/u] system are the [u][i]Chempion[/i] SP-1370[/u] and [u][i]Lehioner[/i] SP-1507[/u]. 

[anchor=Che]The [u][i]Chempion[/i] SP-1370[/u][/anchor] is a surface-to-air missile and missile with the highest service ceiling in service of the Czaslyudian military. Using a two-stage solid-fuel propulsion system, the missile can reach ranges of 300 to 1,000 kilometers away, with a maximum speed of Mach 15 at altitude. The electronics of the missile are resistant to electromagnetic pulses and the effects of [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_blackout]nuclear blackout[/url], seen as a necessary feature. The [u][i]Chempion[/i][/u]'s guidance system, beyond the semi-active radar homing provided by early warning and battlespace management radars, includes track-via-missile capabilities; this is supplemented with a double-redundant inertial navigation system. Its terminal guidance relies on automatic target tracking via laser rangefinding. The  [u]SP-1370[/u]'s automatic target tracking makes it possible for warheads to be potentially discerned from any countermeasures or decoys they incorporate. Finally, the missile can be equipped with either a conventional fragmentation, a nuclear warhead, or a kinetic warhead; typically they will be equipped with the latter because of its precision. The missile can withstand nearly 110 g's of acceleration before overloading.

[anchor=Leh]The [u][i]Lehioner[/i] SP-1507[/u][/anchor] is a shorter-ranged surface-to-air missile meant to intercept incoming warheads in the 180-300 kilometer range. Similarly propelled by a two-stage solid propellant rocket, the [u][i]Lehioner[/i][/u] can reach speeds up to Mach 8. The missile is able to calculate using the trajectory of a target ballistic missile/warhead how long the target has until the launched missile can intercept. If the time-to-intercept nullifies the need for its second stage, the missile can maneuver to engage the target without the use of the second stage. This allows for higher kill probabilities just in case a target, through severe interference in surveillance radars, "pops up" on the missile. The missile guidance relies on track-via-missile guidance, a combination of semi-active radar homing and radio command guidance. The payload, though conventional blast-fragmentation and hit-to-kill options are available, typically consist of a 12 kiloton thermonuclear warhead. The warhead is detonated via a laser proximity fuze. The [u][i]Lehioner[/i][/u] can withstand up to 210 g accelerations.  
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[center][size=150][b]Вечнасць для Czaslyudiya![/b][/size][/center]


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