Pan-Asiatic States | History | Islamic Renaissance

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[url=https://www.nationstates.net/nation=pan-asiatic_states/detail=factbook/id=main][color=red]✭ [i][font=Courier New]Back to Introduction[/font][/i] ✭[/color][/url][/box][/center][center][background-block=red][size=300][font=Times New Roman][color=yellow]THE ISLAMIC RENAISSANCE ERA[/color][/font][/size][/background-block]
[background-block=black][size=260][font=Courier New][color=red]WORLD HISTORY 15th - 19th CENTURIES A.D[/color][/font][/size][/background-block][/center][spoiler=[box][center][background-block=black][size=200][font=Courier New][color=red]THE 15th to 17th CENTURIES A.D[/color][/font][/size][/background-block]

[img]https://i.imgur.com/AjYDoJL.jpg[/img]

[background-block=red][size=300][font=Courier New][color=yellow]THE CAIRENE GOLDEN AGE[/color][/font][/size][/background-block][/center]

[center][size=150][align=justify][font=Courier New]While in the West, the search for the New World marked the beginning of the long recovery of Europe from the Dark Ages; in the East, the golden era of Islam never ended. From its capital, Cairo, the Mamluks - emboldened by the will of Allah - enforced its imperial perogative throughout Middle Eastern North Africa; consolidating hundreds of ethnic groups under one Sultan, and rectifying Islam's grip on Southeast Asia through its tributary state, the Sultanate of Malaya.[/font][/align][/size][/center][/box]][box]

[font=Times New Roman][size=300][b][u]15th Century[/u][/b][/size][/font]
[list]
[*]Janbulat the Ambitious becomes the Mamluk Sultan
[*]Janbulat unites the smaller states of Medina, Ramazan, Najd, Haasa, Dawasir, Fezzan, Shammar, and Anizah under the Mamluk Sultanate
[*]Mamluk Conquest of Karaman
[*]Dawasir secedes
[*]Mamluks expand into Iraq
[*]Dawasir and Eretna united under Mamluk banner
[*]Aden, Hadramut, and Mahra unite under Mamluk banner
[*]Mamluk Conquest of Yemen
[*]Mamluk Defense of Oman against Sindh
[*]Mamluk Conquest of Oman
[*]Further Mamluk Expansion into Iraq
[*]Mamluks form alliance with Venice
[*]North Malayan Alliance formed with Brunei, Tondo, Cebu, Maguindanao and Sulu
[*]Bruneian Conquest of Kutai 
[*]North Malayan Alliance broken; Cebu declares war on Madyas, and Tondo joins Madyas while Sulu and Brunei join Cebu
[*]Makassar and Tidore subjugated by Brunei and become vassals[/list]

[font=Times New Roman][size=300][b][u]16th Century[/u][/b][/size][/font]

[list][*]Mamluk Conquest of Yemen
[*]Defense of Venice
[*]Administrative reforms and renewal of Abbasid Caliphate creates The Abbasid Caliphate and Cairene Sultanate of Arabia from the Mamluks and the Abbasids of Cairo
[*]Ethiopian Empire goes into decline
[*]Arabian conquest of Medri Bahri and vassalage of Harar
[*]Karaman and Mzab vassalized
[*]1st Arabian Conquest of Anatolia
[*]Ottoman Decline begins
[*]Arabian expansion into Syria
[*]2nd Arabian Conquest of Anatolia
[*]3rd Arabian Conquest of Anatolia
[*]Constantinople falls to Arabia
[*]Arabia forms alliance with Brunei
[*]Bruneian Expansion into Sulawesi, South Borneo, and Australia.
[*]Bruneian War of Succession during Abdal Qahar’s reign
[*]Maguindanao betrays and invades Sulu, Brunei intervenes and Maguindanao is annexed by Sulu
[*]Spain colonizes the Philippines (1521)
[*]Unsuccessful Sulu invasion of Butuan
[*]Bruneian Conquest of the Malay Peninsula
[*]Bruneian Conquest of Malacca and Java
[*]Crown Prince of Brunei dies in battle, leaves Hafeeza Bolkiah as only child
[*]Sultan of Malaya dies, pretender rises in Kutai
[*]Javanese separatists rise up in Java
[*]On August 21, 1624; Hafeeza ascended to the throne as Sultana
[*]Hafeeza crushes Javanese revolt, enacts mass forced conversion
[*]Hafeeza defeats Pretender and ends Malayan Civil War
[*]Spain begins to create colonies across America, expelling many minorities to such colonies; many of which include Moriscos, or the force converted Muslims of Andalusia[/list]

[font=Times New Roman][size=300][b][u]17th Century[/u][/b][/size][/font]

[list][*]Arabia forms alliance with Poland
[*]Arabian expansion into Syria
[*]1st Arabian Conquest of Ethiopia
[*]Arabian expansion into India
[*]2nd Arabian Conquest of Ethiopia
[*]1st Arab-Persian/Polish-Nogai War. Overwhelming victory for Arabia and Poland. Arabia gets all of Khuzestan.
[*]3rd Arabian Conquest of Ethiopia
[*]Polish-Ottoman War
[*]4th Arabian Conquest of Anatolia + Bulgaria
[*]Liberation of Greece from Ottoman rule
[*]Abolition of Slavery in Arabia
[*]Bruneian Malaya established following Hafeeza’s Conquest of Java
[*]Malayan, Siamese and Spanish Conquests of Sumatra
[*]Morocco assures protection of Muslim countries in the Americas
[*]2nd Malayan Conquest of Sumatra
[*]Alliance between Siam, Dai Viet, Sulu, Cebu, and Malaya is formed; called the Alliance of the Five Houses
[*]Spain begins to notice the Morisco Muslim population in their colonies and attempts to stamp them out[/list][/box][/spoiler][spoiler=[box][center][background-block=black][size=200][font=Courier New][color=red]THE 18th CENTURY A.D[/color][/font][/size][/background-block]

[img]https://i.imgur.com/ZSs7zVf.jpg[/img]

[background-block=red][size=300][font=Courier New][color=yellow]THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT[/color][/font][/size][/background-block][/center]

[center][size=150][align=justify][font=Courier New]New wealth and ideas from the settlers of the New World challenged the reign of the monarchies. Liberal revolutionaries valued the sovereignty of reason and the evidence of the senses as the primary source for knowledge. Exiles of the monarchies of the Middle East and Europe found new homes free from persecution in some of the world's first democratic sovereign republics. These new governments, like the United States of America and the Morisco Republics, fought tooth-and-nail for their very right to exist. The modern concept of a Nation-State had been born.[/font][/align][/size][/center][/box]][box]

[font=Times New Roman][size=300][b][u]18th Century[/u][/b][/size][/font]
[list]
[*]Arabian expansion into India/Pakistan + Khorasan
[*]5th Arabian Conquest of Anatolia
[*]Venetian-Arabian Conquest of Greece
[*]6th Arabian Conquest of Anatolia
[*]Expansion into Africa
[*]2nd Arab-Persian War
[*]Battle of Rafsanjan occurs in 2nd Arab-Persian War; where ¾ of the Arabian Army is wiped out by a smaller Persian force[*]Omar Alvarez, Abraham de Medina, Adan Berrada flee the Morisco colonies and go to the Abbasid Caliphate.
[*]Malayan Conquest of Java
[*]Malaya attempts expansion into Americas
[*]Portugese, Dutch, Spanish, and British Empire join coalition against Malaya
[*]Malaya abandons colony in fear of the coalition
[*]British Empire expands further into India and Indochina, inciting conflict with Siam
[*]The Alliance of the Five Houses joins war against British Empire
[*]Malaya signs treaty with British Empire following devastating losses in the Battle of the Malacca Strait, leaving the Alliance to deal with Britain by themselves
[*]Dai Viet expansion into Canton
[*]USA gains independence
[*]Malaya leaves the Alliance of the Five Bolkiahs after signing a peace treaty with the British Empire. Siam loses Bengal.
[*]1st Arab-Genoese War
[*]Suez Canal begins construction
[*]Arabia industrialization begins
[*]Tunisian Conquest of Sicily
[*]Rapid Arabian expansion into Africa
[*]Suez Canal completed
[*]2nd Arab-Genoese War 
[*]Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia heed the call of the Moriscos and support them in their wars of independence in the Spanish-Islamic Wars
[*]Revolutionary Morisco Republics established.[/list][/box][/spoiler]

[spoiler=[box][center][background-block=black][size=200][font=Courier New][color=red]THE 19th CENTURY A.D[/color][/font][/size][/background-block]

[img]https://i.imgur.com/Kjx1kpE.jpg?1[/img]

[background-block=red][size=300][font=Courier New][color=yellow]THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM[/color][/font][/size][/background-block][/center]

[center][size=150][align=justify][font=Courier New]One of the major consequences of the industrial revolution was the unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth. Subsequently, demand for control over the world's resources grew exponentially. The steam-powered rotary printing press allowed for millions of copies of a page to be printed in a single day, inspiring various nationalist movements to take arms against their oppressors; while also allowing for empires to much more efficiently govern their vast overseas territories. The world prepared for the ultimate showdown between the alliance of a resurgent Islamic East and the coalition of a united Christian West on the battlefields of Africa. [/font][/align][/size][/center][/box]][box]

[float=right][sidebar][center][img]https://i.imgur.com/quHllrk.png[/img]
[i]Arabia at its full height under Cemal the Conqueror.[/i][/center][/sidebar][/float][font=Times New Roman][size=300][b][u]19th Century[/u][/b][/size][/font]

[list][*]More expansion under Cemal the Conqueror before entry into decline.
[*]On December 31, 1846; the Arabian Empire under Sultan Cemal the Conqueror, would launch an invasion of Kurdistan. At the time, it was under the protection of the Persian Empire; and to deter Persian intervention, Arabia called in all its allies, including Malaya under Raiz Zafar. Seeking to test Malaya's new military capabilities, and to prove to the world in a great display of power Malaya's ability to hold its own, Raiz Zafar was enthusiastic to join Cemal's Conquest of Kurdistan. Furthermore, several other powerful nations joined Arabia; such as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Venetian Republic, as well as the Morisco Republics of Algharb and Alfida. 
[*]In fear of facing so many powers at once, the Persian Empire backed out its protection of Qara Qoyunlu, and simply allowed Arabia to conquer and annex it.
[*]On October 28, 1855; tensions between Siam and Malaya would finally erupt into full-blown war between the two. While Malaya was able to swiftly occupy the Siamese portion of Sumatra, the terrain of Siam made it difficult for the Malayan army to proceed further. 
[*]Furthermore, Dai Viet joined Siam against Malaya; and their combined might numbered thrice that of Malaya's, giving them a significant land advantage. However, Malaya's navy was far larger, more advanced, and generally more experienced than that of the Bolkiah Alliance. This proved to make the war excruciatingly difficult for both sides, prolonging it until August 20, 1861. 
[*]Following the eruption of the Bolkian War in Southeast Asia, the 6th Fitnah would erupt in Arabia. The Circassian Mamluks would wrestle power from the Arab majority and the Abbasid Caliph and move the center of power from Egypt to Circassia, resulting in a massive civil war.
[*]Spain seeing opportunity, began to make plans to invade the Arabian Maghreb during the 6th Fitnah.
[*]Spain sold the Philippines to Malaya and Sulu and signs a non-aggression pact.
[*]As the 6th Fitnah continues, Spain and Persia would lead incursions into the Maghreb and Southern Persia respectively; taking territory from Arabia in the middle of its civil war.
[*]The 6th Fitnah ends on September 1857, in the Islamic Month of al-Muharram. The Abbasid Caliphate is abolished, and the Mamluk Sultan Fatih declares a monarchy with himself as both caliph and sultan.
[*]Revolts against Venetian and Polish overlords result in the liberation of the Balkans during the years of 1857 and 1860 respectively.
[*]In 1862, Fatih's successor, Arslan; invaded the Balkans. Due to the lack of industrialization however, Arabia was severely lagging behind in terms of technological advancements and poorly prepared for war against European nations; being easily beaten back by a coalition of Balkan nations and their supporters.
[*]On February 19, 1887; Omer would succeed Tarik as Sultan. Like the reign of Arslan and his successor Tarik, Omer's was that of stagnation and decline. However, unlike his predecessors; Omer made attempts to reconcile Arabia with the dissatisfied Arab majority, and modernize alongside the West. Due to his attempted reforms however, he would constantly butt heads with some powerful Mamluks
[*]The Propaganda Movement begins - a period of time when native non-Bruneian Malayans were calling for reforms, lasting approximately from 1880 to 1886 with the most activity between 1880 and 1895, as a direct result of a globalized book trade. European ideas, ideologies, and tactics poured into the Bruneian Empire inspiring several separatist movements critical of monarchism and absolutism.
[*]Famines in Russia killed between 375,000 and 400,000 and affected millions more throughout the 1890s, rapid industrialization in rural Europe culminated in the popularization of communist ideas which spilled over to Asia and the Americas as well.
[*]The idea of a Tagalog identity unifying the peoples of Central Luzon under a “Tagalog Nation” is first expressed by independence writer Dr. Yusuf ar-Rijal (Jose Rizal), who states that “Tagalog or, stated more clearly, the name "tagalog" has no other meaning but "tagailog" which, traced directly to its root, refers to those who prefer to settle along rivers, truly a trait, it cannot be denied, of all those born in Bangsatagalog, in whatever island or town.”
[*]In January, 1892, the Katipunan or Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation), a Philippine independence movement, was founded. Members stockpile arms and agitate for freedom from their Malayan occupiers.
[*]In May, 1896, a delegation was sent to Emperor Meiji of Japan in order to solicit funds and military arms. The Katipunan's existence was revealed to Sulu authorities after a member named Teodoro Patiño revealed the Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister, and finally to an Imam in Mandaluyong. This forced the movement into adapting a guerilla doctrine, with separate chapters in Mindoro and Panay. 
[*]On December 30, 1896, Dr. Yusuf ar-Rijal, falsely charged with the crime of leading the Katipunan is executed in Bagumbayan.
[*]In 1898, a democratic independence movement of Central Luzon Filipino peoples, the Fatherland Republic of the Tagalog Peoples (Haring Bayang Katagalugan or the Tagalog Republic) declared secession from the Kesultanan Besar of Sulu on the 7th of July following a decisive military victory against its occupiers at the Battle of Tondo. Under the command of a certain General Emilio Aguinaldo, over 3,200 ill-prepared Sulu troops werw routed by some 2,000 meagerly-equipped rebels, who forced their occupiers into the fortress-city of Kota Selurong.
[*]On the 15th of August, the Tagalog movement, branding itself as the first ever Republic of the Philippines, convened in the town of Tejeros to elect its first cabinet. General Aguinaldo was elected its first President, while democratic idealist Apolinario Mabini was elected its first Prime Minister. The First Philippine Republic became the first unitary elected constitutional democracy in Asia.
[*]On August 29, Sulu forces launched an ill-advised counter-attack at Camaya from across Manila Bay. 1,000-2,500 Malayan fighters were either killed or captured.
[*]A rectification offensive was announced by President Aguinaldo on September 31st. The Republican Army marches from its camp in Paombong, Bulacan to as far Northward as Bangui in a series of decisive victories against the Imperial forces of Sulu.
[*]In December, Sulu forces attempted to break the encirclement around Kota Selurong one more time, but severe flooding slowed down the offensive and led to another decisive Philippine victory.[/list][/box][/spoiler]

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