by Max Barry

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( FNLA )

Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola
( FNLA )

Party Flag of the FNLA


Formation

July 7th, 1954

Party President

Álvaro Holden Roberto

General Secretary

Manuel Barros Necaca

Founded

October 10th, 1954

Preceded by

União dos Populações do Norte de Angola
(UPNA) (1954)
União das Populações de Angola
(UPA) (1958)

Headquarters

Quincuzo Base, Zaire

Ideology

Christian democracy
Pan-Africanism
Bakongo Nationalism

Introduction


The National Liberation Front of Angola ( FNLA ) is an Angolan political party oriented on the center-right to right spectrum. Founded in 1954 as the União dos Povos do Norte de Angola guerrilla movement, it was known after 1959 as the União dos Povos de Angola (UPA) guerrilla movement and from 1961 as the FNLA guerilla movement.

History


The movement was created on July 7, 1954, as the União dos Populações do Norte de Angola (UPNA), at a meeting held in the city of Matadi, in present-day. The movement was rooted mainly among the Bakongo, but with adherents also among the Ambundu and Ovimbundu, it was the first anti-colonial movement to develop relevant activities in Angola. Its orientation was more tribalist rather than nationalist (as was the case with the MPLA) and more conservative  as its leader; Holden Roberto was a descendant of the ancient Kongo Kingdom. By 1958, the organization's name had been changed to the "União das Populações de Angola" (UPA) under Holden Roberto, who came from São Salvador, Bakongo, Northern Angola, with the newly named organization described as an ethnic political movement. The initial objectives of the UPNA, therefore, were more autonomy and independence of its tribal base from the Portuguese authorities, presenting as a candidate for the Congolese throne Álvaro Holden Roberto, as well as a more religious ideological line closer to Protestantism. Another meeting of the UPNA was held clandestinely in the same year in Lobito by Roberto and, Finally, in Kinshasa, the official foundation took place on October 10, 1954, when advised by the American Committee for the Africans, now includes activists from various origins in northern Angola. Roberto and Necaca were the leaders of the organization, with the former taking charge of external business and political contacts and the latter handling administrative tasks.

The Young Khmers



The Young Khmers or (Khmer: យុវជនខ្មែរ, Transliteration: youvochn khmer), also known as the Sokun Gang which name came from its leader Mok Sokun. Is the paramilitary wing of the Sangkroh, formed in 1956, initially only serving the role of personal protection it would eventually evolve into an organized paramilitary force going into the 60s. Mok Sokun was a former member of both the colonial army and the short-lived royal army in 1940 during the Japanese occupation. He was dismissed when the French retook Indochina after the 2nd World War and lived in squalor up until his meeting with Saloth Sar in 1953, who took him from the streets eventually convincing him to convert to Christianity and turn a new leaf. Mok Sokun would join the UCK serving as a bodyguard until the breakup of the UCK, joining Saloth Sar in the creation of the Sangkroh.

LinkAnthem of the FNLA

Angola! Angola! Oh, our unique homeland, oh motherland, source of heroes.
From Cabinda to Cunene, you are one, you are grand, we praise you motherland!
With your chest lifted and with fervor, we march without fear.

Oh beloved homeland, oh our glory, Angola!
Angola! You will overcome (x2)


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