An Overview of the Kheshig Khanate (WIP)

Kheshig Khanate

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Kheshiga, officially the Kheshig Khanate, is a country located in Central Asia, bordering Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China. It consists of 14 provinces, a federal district, and 5 self-governing banners. The national capital is Ordosbaaliq and the most populated city is Roshanna.

The Kheshig Khanate is a federal parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy. The country is multiethnic and multicultural. The population is a plurality of Turks, Sughdi, Tatars, Slavs, Zaskari, Dungan, Mongols, Uighurs, and Karaites.

While recognizing Buddhism as the official religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Buddhists.

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Etymology

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History

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Prehistory and Antiquity
Fossils show Homo erectus inhabited te area of Transcashma as much as 800,000 years ago. Ancient megaliths known as Deer Stones can be found across Kheshiga, most close to Bronze Age graves. It is thought they were raised around 1000 BC.

From the end of the 7th century BC to the 4th century BC, Transcashma was inhabited by a large group of Iranian speakers called the Saka. The earliest records of the Transcashma Saka are bound up with military expeditions into the countries of West Asia. Toward the end of the 6th century BC, the Achaemenid emperor of Persia, Darius, Invaded greater Scythia with, according to Heroditus, an army 700,000 strong. Only with the greatest difficulty did Darius escape Scythia with a fraction off the Persian army. Determined to avoid open battle with the Persians, the Scythians enticed the army of Darius deep into the steppe where they were picked apart by partisan tactics.

In the 4th century BC, many of the Saka nomads became sedentary. In Oshrusana, numerous villages emerged along the cold rivers. By the arrival of Alexander the Great in Persia, Oshrusana had been conquered by the Achaemenids and partially integrated into the satrap of Bactria. The region provided a contingent of mounted archers and rare gemstones to Persia. The generals who succeeded Alexander remained in control of Oshrusana for a century.

Eastern Kheshiga fell under the Control of the Hsiung-nu in the 3rd century BC. Historical evidence does not permit much certainty regarding the early activities of the Hsiung-nu in Transcashma.

Between 176 BC and 162 BC, the Hsiung-nu repeated raided the Iranian speaking Yuezhi, Wusun, Loulan, and Hu-Jie, driving these people to migrate from Xinjiang and Gansu in modern China into Oshrusana.

By 160 BC, Shanyu Laoshang formally recognized the cities of Transcashma as tributaries of the Hsiung-nu. Although Hsiung-nu envoys and their military escort routinely traveled through Transcashma, collecting tribute with little difficulty, nonetheless their control was primarily exorcized of the urban centers in Desana and Burkhania, while further southwest, the Yuezhi and Saka remained hostile.

Following the weakening of the Hsiung-nu by the Han in the 1st century BC, the Chinese began raiding into Transcashma for their prized steppe horses and slaves. Under the Chinese general Zhen Tang, much of Transcashma became incorpated under the Protectorate General of the Western Regions.

Little is certain about Transcashma after the Han depart and a second wave of Hsiung-nu again claim Oshrusana. Coins suggest the Kidarite Kings ruled over Desana for a period in the 2nd century AD, while Sassanian sources record Shahanshah Shapur II engaged in military action against the nomads from beyond the Oxus and Cashma rivers. The same chronicle uses the terms Kidarite Huns, White Huns, and (H)Ephthalites interchangeably for these peoples.

The Turkic Empires
Oshrusana again gained an important role as an administrative center for the First Turkic Khaganate (Göktürks) when Khan Muhan broke White Hun power over Central Asia. What remained of the Hephthalites shifted far to the south in Tokharistan, and though they would raid into Oshrusana for several decades, the Hephthalites would never again exercise control over the region.

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Demographic

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Population

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Religion

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Government

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Foreign Relations

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Economy

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